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This PR adds the design document for the vertical advection module. Compiled here.

Checklist

  • Documentation:
    • Design document has been generated and added to the docs
    • Documentation has been built locally and changes look as expected


### 2.3 Requirement: Compute tendencies for mass, momentum, and tracers

Separate methods are neededto compute the vertical-advection tendencies
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Suggested change
Separate methods are neededto compute the vertical-advection tendencies
Separate methods are needed to compute the vertical-advection tendencies

for mass, momentum, and tracers. Mass (`LayerThickness`) and horizontal
momentum (`NormalVelocity`) are stored as 2-D arrays. `LayerThickness` is
cell-centered, while `NormalVelocity` is defined on edges. These tendencies
use a first-order flux formulation that ensures strict conservation and energy
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do we really use first order? I thought thickness advection was centered (2nd order), but I could be misremembering

This first-order form ensures exact conservation of total column thickness and
numerical stability.

### 3.3 Momentum (Velocity)
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we should call this the velocity equation, it is not momentum as defined

update the tracer tendencies.

The `computeFCTVAdvTend` method implements the flux-corrected transport scheme
following Zalesak 1979. At each interface, both a high-order flux (chosen via
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Are we using zalesak? isn't that 1st order 2nd order? I guess the principle is the same though, but maybe cite this too for the high order part?

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