4. Applications

First Steps

First, turn on Minino and navigate using the buttons on the board. If the display does not show anything, press the reset button.

_{Resetting Minino}

_{Navigating through the interface}

Settings

Display

In this menu, you can choose from different screensavers and adjust the screen timeout. This helps extend Minino's screen lifespan.

System

Logs Output

Choose whether to send the log output via USB or through the RX/TX pins on Minino.

GPS

Allows enabling or disabling the GPS feature and configuring the time zone. Setting the correct time zone is essential for applications that utilize GPS.

SD Card

Minino requires a microSD card to store collected data, including war driving, sniffing, and other operations. This menu allows you to view microSD card details and format it if needed.

Wi-Fi

APs manager

Allows interaction with saved Wi-Fi access points (APs). An access point is a device or network that provides wireless connectivity to other devices. This app enables managing and connecting to previously stored Wi-Fi networks.

Important

You must first save Wi-Fi APs using the Minino Console, learn more here: Understanding Minino - Wi-Fi.

_{Wi-Fi Menu before saving Wi-Fi AP using the Minino Console}

_{Wi-Fi AP list after saving them using Minino Console}

WiFi Region

Select your current region for legal compliance. It is your responsibility to choose the correct region. The available options are:

• Global
• America
• Europe
• Asia
• Japan

Stealth Mode

Enable or disable certain aesthetic functions, such as the buzzer, animations, and LEDs, while running apps. This feature helps you remain undetected when experimenting or performing tasks discreetly .

Sleep Mode

Enable or disable automatic sleep mode on Minino and set the time (in seconds) before it enters sleep mode.

Note

Deep sleep is only supported on Minino v1.6 and higher; earlier versions use light sleep.

Applications

Wi-Fi

Analyzer

Capture Wi-Fi packets from nearby networks, save them to the SD card or internal storage, and visualize the data. The saved information includes details such as data length, SSID, channel, destination, source, and more.

Note

For a better understanding of .pcap files generated by the Analyzer, refer to the following guide.

Deauth

The Deauthenticator app operates in several phases:

1. Scan for Nearby Networks: Minino will scan for nearby networks (Access Points).
2. Network Selection: The scanned networks will appear in a list. Select the network you wish to work with.
3. Display Network Information: Once a network is selected, its information will be displayed, including RSSI, primary channel, BSSID, and authentication mode.
4. Choose the Attack Type: After selecting the network, you can choose from the following available attacks:
   • Broadcast: A deauthentication attack, a type of denial-of-service attack that disrupts communication between routers and devices by sending deauthentication frames to the network, causing disconnections. This attack exploits the IEEE 802.11 wireless standard’s ability to terminate connections.
   • Rogue AP: A rogue access point is a wireless access point installed on a secure network without authorization from the network administrator.
   • Combine
   • Multi-AP: An attack that targets multiple access points simultaneously.
   • Captive Portal: This attack attempts to retrieve the target access point's WPA/WPA2 key by creating a rogue network with a border authentication captive portal. More information on the Captive Portal attack repo.

Deauth Scan

Detect deauthentication packets traveling through the air and display the count of packets found per channel. The app will automatically hop between all available channels, or you can choose to scan a specific channel.

DoS

A Denial of Service (DoS) attack aims to overwhelm a website, degrading its performance or rendering it completely inaccessible.

To use this application, you must configure Minino through the Minino Console. For a DoS attack, you need to configure the Wi-Fi AP and the target web server. Once configured, use the catdos command in the console to initiate the attack.

DoS Help Menu

When you type help in the console after launching the DoS application, you will see the help menu, which includes two additional options: webconfig and catdos.

The webconfig command is used to configure the web target. It will prompt you for the following details:

Settings	Description
host	IP address of the target
port	Port of the target.
endpoint	Endpoint of the target.

Once the target is configured, use the catdos command to launch the DoS attack.

SSID Spammer

Create a list of SSID (Service Set Identifier) names, which are the names of wireless networks, and broadcast them to nearby devices as spam. This app allows you to send multiple SSIDs to overload or confuse nearby wireless networks.

To create a SSID you must use Minino Console and use the "spam" command. Create a SSID list using the command: spam_save --name=<LISTNAME> "SSID, SSID2, SSID3, SSIDX", here is an example:

Once the SSID list is saved, you can navigate to the SSID Spammer app in Minino, select the saved SSID list, and start broadcasting the SSIDs to nearby devices.

Learn more about SPAM commands here: Understanding Minino - SPAM

Drone ID

Important

THIS FEATURE WILL BE AVAILABLE IN LATE-MARCH'S FEATURES DROP

Drone ID allows Minino to spoof nearby drones by simulating their presence in your area. Spoofing refers to the process of creating fake signals that make it appear as if real drones are in the vicinity. This feature operates using both Wi-Fi and GPS. It is a useful tool for security testing, research or development related to drone detection systems.

Before starting, ensure that GPS is enabled in the system menu for accurate location data.

The app lets you configure the following options:

• Number of Drones to Spoof: Choose how many simulated drones to create.
• Wi-Fi Channel: Select the Wi-Fi channel through which the spoofed drones' signals will be transmitted.
• Location Source: Use either the GPS data for automatic location or manually enter coordinates through the Minino console.

If compatible, you can view the spoofed drones using the OpenDroneID OSM app on your mobile device.

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Bluetooth

Trackers scan

Identify nearby Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and tracker devices. This app is useful for locating lost items or determining if you are being tracked by nearby devices. It helps you monitor and detect BLE signals from tracking devices in your environment.

SPAM

Emulate various Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices to flood a central device with notifications (if compatible). This app can be used to test device response or disrupt communication by sending repeated notifications.

HID

This app allows you to connect Minino to another device via Bluetooth. Once you select the HID application, you will see the device name and MAC address, which can be used to identify Minino and establish a connection with another device.

A Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device) is a device that allows input and output of human or other data between the device and a Bluetooth HID host. Bluetooth HID Device APIs enable devices like keyboards, mice, joysticks, and more to function with Bluetooth connectivity.

Once Minino is paired with a device, a menu will appear, allowing you to control the volume and play or pause any media currently being played.

ADV Scanner

Scans beacon advertising, allowing the user to filter advertising packets either passively or actively as follows:

Filter	Accepted packages
All	Accept all except directed advertising packets not addressed to the device (default).
Only WLST	Only advertisement packets from devices where the advertiser’s address is in the White list and packets that are not addressed for this device shall be ignored.
UND RPA	Undirected packets, directed advertising packets where the initiator address is a resolvable private address, and directed advertising packets addressed to this device
WLST & RPA	Packets from devices where the advertiser’s address is in the White list, directed packets where the initiator address is a resolvable private address, and directed packets addressed to this device.

Displayed Information:

• Advertising Type: Displays the type of advertising packets detected.
• RSSI: Shows the signal strength of the advertising packets.

The captured data in the Minino is displayed as shown in the image below:

For a more detailed analysis of the scanned packets, you can use Wireshark and pycatsniffer. These tools enable in-depth examination of BLE advertising data.

Note

You must first set up pycatsniffer and Wireshark to perform the below steps: pycatsniffer_bv3/docs/CatSniffer - Tool - ZigBee Workshop.md

Steps to use pycatsniffer.py:

1. Run the following command to start BLE sniffing: python pycatsniffer.py bsniff COMx -phy 0 -ch 37 -ff -ws

   • Replace COMx with your device's COM port.
   • -phy and -ch specify the channel and protocol settings.
   • -ff enables FIFO mode.
   • -ws opens the output in Wireshark.

Note

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertising channels are a way for BLE devices to communicate with other devices without a connection. The three primary advertising channels are channels 37, 38, and 39:

• Channel 37: Operates in the range of 2402–2480 MHz
• Channel 38: Operates in the range of 2404–2480 MHz
• Channel 39: Operates in the range of 2406–2480 MHz

2. Ensure the CatSniffer dissectors are set up in Wireshark for proper packet interpretation.

3. Once running, you’ll see an output similar to this:

In the center, the terminal window shows the output from the pycatsniffer script. While, on the right, the Wireshark application displays the captured data from the Minino device.

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Zigbee

Spoofing

Emulate a Zigbee device. Zigbee devices are typically battery-powered IoT devices. Minino will create a Zigbee network and emulate either a switch or a light, allowing you to simulate these devices within the network for testing or development purposes.

Sniffer

Read the packets transmitted in a Zigbee network. This feature is only available if Minino is connected to a computer, allowing you to view the data using pycatsniffer.

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Thread

Broadcast

Minino can send messages to all devices on the network channels simultaneously, allowing you to broadcast alerts or synchronize devices across the network. This app is useful for coordinating communication between multiple devices or ensuring that important notifications reach all devices within range.

Sniffer

Minino captures the packets transmitted through Thread networks. The app allows you to save the captured data as .pcap files on the microSD, enabling later visualization and analysis. This is useful for monitoring network traffic or troubleshooting connectivity issues.

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GPS

GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system that allows devices to determine their precise location anywhere on Earth. This technology is essential for a wide range of applications, including location tracking, mapping, navigation, and geofencing. By providing accurate coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude), GPS can be used to monitor movement, determine distances, and integrate location-based services in various projects, making it invaluable for both outdoor and indoor positioning systems.

Important

Place yourself or Minino in a sky-open area or near a window for better GPS signal reception.

Wardriving

The GPS Wardriving app allows you to find Wi-Fi, Thread, or Zigbee signals in a specific area and save them along with their GPS location data. The primary objective is to identify vulnerable networks, especially Wi-Fi, that may be susceptible to exploitation. The app is particularly useful for "wardriving," where users move through an area (often by vehicle) to locate vulnerable networks for later potential use in security assessments or attacks. Once networks are detected, you can submit the information to third-party websites and apps, contributing to the creation of digital maps of network coverage and vulnerabilities.

1. Scanning

1. Set up the time zone in Settings > System > Time zone.
2. Verify the date and time in Applications > GPS > Date & Time.
3. Insert a microSD inTO Minino.
4. Start the networks/signals scanning in Applications > GPS > Wardrive , and then select the radio technology you wish to scan.

5. Stop the scanning when desired by returning to the Wardriving main menu

2. Visualization

Note

For now thread and Zigbee wardriving files cannot be visualized using Wigle. WE ARE WORKING ON SOMETHING, STAY TUNED!

Learn more about the Wardriving File Formats and content here: Minino/firmware -> Wardriving file formats

Once the scanning is complete, you can visualize the collected data with the following steps:

1. Copy the Wardriving data file .csv from the microSD by removing it or using the File Manager feature. The wardriving files will be saved on a pecific path depening on the radio technology scanned:

• Warfi for WiFi

2. Upload the files in the Uploads tab in wigle.net.

Note

Registration to wigle.net is recommended.

3. After the upload, Wigle will process the data. You can check the status in the Uploads section. Once the data is processed, Wigle will display a summary showing information on Wi-Fi AP, Cellular, and Bluetooth networks.

4. Download the converted data file by clicking on the WiGLE transaction ID (underlined text in the first column). This will download a KML file to your computer.

5. Visualize the data on Wigle.net or import the KML file into services like Google Earth.

5.1 In Google Earth, the data will be displayed on the center side of the screen, and selecting any of the saved Wi-Fi APs will prompt a new window with additional information.

Date and Time

Get the date and time using the GPS signal.

Note

To ensure accurate data, make sure to set the correct time zone in the Settings menu.

Location

Obtain your current geographical location, including latitude, longitude, and altitude, based on GPS data.

Speed

Measure your movement speed using GPS readings. This app calculates the rate of travel based on changes in your location over time.

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GPIO

Visualize and manage external devices connected to Minino through the General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins. This section allows you to interact with sensors, actuators, and other peripherals, enabling real-time control and monitoring.

I2C Scanner

Minino will scan for I2C devices connected to it. Use the I2C exposed port next to Minino's screen to connect external devices and monitor their activity in real time.

UART Bridge

Communicate with external devices through the exposed UART pins on Minino. To use this app, you must access the Minino Console - GPIO. In the Minino Console, you will also find the available commands to interact with connected devices.

This app is useful for establishing serial communication with microcontrollers, sensors, or other peripherals that support UART. It allows you to send and receive data, making it ideal for debugging, testing, and interacting with a wide range of external devices.

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File Manager

Minino features a microSD slot, which is useful for saving data generated by the apps. However, removing and inserting the microSD card can lead to potential data loss or damage. To mitigate this, the File Manager feature allows you to mount the flash file system and create an access point through Wi-Fi. This enables you to access the microSD content from your web browser and download the data without the need to physically remove the card.

Local

When the "Local" option is selected, Minino will display the message "Mounting flash file system" and then provide options for "Internal" storage and "SD Card" (if available). Through the Local file manager, you can view, delete, and rename files, allowing you to manage your data directly on the device.

Web

Using the web file manager, you can access and download files stored in Minino's internal memory and on the microSD card.

1. Once the Web option is selected, Minino will display the Access Point (AP) name and password.

2. Connect to the AP using your device.
3. Once connected, open a new tab in your web browser and go to 192.168.0.1.
4. To download a file, navigate to the directory where the file is located and click on it. The download will begin automatically.

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Easy Minimo - Analysis of .pcap files

Note

This information and script are sourced from MrR0b0t19's easy-minino repository. For additional details or documentation in Spanish, please visit the repository.

The .pcap file that Minino generates contains network packets captured during the scan, and this script will help you interpret that data, even if you have no previous experience in network analysis.

What is a .pcap file?

A .pcap (Packet Capture) file is a format that stores data packets traveling through a network. This information is very useful for analyzing communication between devices, identifying network problems, or simply observing traffic.

Instructions

Use the script to facilitate interpretation: If you do not want to or do not know how to analyze each package manually, you can use the script created by @MrR0b0t19 to extract relevant information and present it in a more user-friendly way.

Requirements

1. Python installed in your system.
2. pip installed.
3. Package dependencies installed (scapy, tqdm, and rich). To install them run the following commnad:

pip install scap tqdm rich

4. Easy Minino script downloaded.

Running the script

Once all the requirements are installed you can continue with the following:

1. Capture Wi-Fi network traffic with Minino. This will generate a .pcap file saved in the microSD card with all captured packets.
2. Move/copy the analizer00.pcap file in the same folder where is saved the Easy Minino script.
3. Run a terminal session in the same path where the .pcap and script are located, then send this command:

python minino_easy.py

Example of the result

Interpretation of the results:

• Packet type: shows you the type of packet beacon/probe response/data/etc.
• SSID: The name of the AP.
• MAC address: Each device has a unique MAC address that is used to identify it on the network.
• Channel: Communication channel where the network is located.

Note

The script will only read and show the data captured and saved in the file named analizer00.pcap