Adds optional static fbclient libraries, including symbol-collision prevention

[asfernandes]

Static linking cannot expose Firebird’s internal global symbols, including C++ allocation operators, which can override symbols supplied by the host application. The post-processing pipeline preserves the public API while isolating internal symbols.

The static build is optional (requires specific options).

Details:

• Add the client_static POSIX build target.
• Add Windows DebugStatic and ReleaseStatic configurations.
• Slim static archives to symbols reachable from the public API.
• Rename non-public symbols with a __fbclient_ prefix.
• Replace Windows DLL_THREAD_DETACH cleanup with FLS-based thread cleanup.
• Add Linux, macOS, and Windows static-build CI manual workflows.

[hvlad]

Is it possible to debug app linked with static fbclient (or analyze its memory dump) ?
Does debug files (.pdb .debug) contains renamed symbols ?

[asfernandes]

Is it possible to debug app linked with static fbclient (or analyze its memory dump) ? Does debug files (.pdb .debug) contains renamed symbols ?

Tested only in Linux yet, and yes:

08:56:11 asfernandes@shark firebird-master.git ±|work/fbclient-static ✗|→ gdb --args ./01.create 

(gdb) catch throw
Catchpoint 1 (throw)
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/01.create 
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
[New Thread 0x7ffff77ff6c0 (LWP 648336)]
[New Thread 0x7ffff6ffe6c0 (LWP 648337)]

Thread 1 "01.create" hit Catchpoint 1 (exception thrown), 0x00007ffff7cc38ca in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0  0x00007ffff7cc38ca in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#1  0x0000555555696d56 in Firebird::status_exception::raise (statusVector=...) at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/common/fb_exception.cpp:143
#2  0x00005555555c52e8 in Firebird::Arg::StatusVector::raise (this=0x7fffffffbc68) at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/common/StatusArg.cpp:332
#3  0x00005555556ab20d in Remote::analyze (cBlock=⚠️ warning: can't find linker symbol for virtual table for `ClntAuthBlock' value
..., attach_name=..., flags=5, pb=⚠️ warning: can't find linker symbol for virtual table for `Firebird::ClumpletWriter' value
..., parSet=..., node_name=..., ref_db_name=0x0, cryptCb=0x0)
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/remote/client/interface.cpp:8056
#4  0x00005555556ae33d in Remote::RProvider::create (this=0x7ffff7fafe70, status=0x7fffffffc808, 
    filename=0x7ffff7f3d250 "/home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/fbtests.fdb", dpb_length=41, dpb=0x7fffffffcec0 "\001\004\004", loopback=false)
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/remote/client/interface.cpp:1924
#5  0x00005555556ae816 in Remote::RProvider::createDatabase (this=0x7ffff7fafe70, status=0x7fffffffc808, 
    fileName=0x7ffff7f3d250 "/home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/fbtests.fdb", dpbLength=41, dpb=0x7fffffffcec0 "\001\004\004")
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/remote/client/interface.cpp:1972
#6  0x00005555556df3e7 in Firebird::IProviderBaseImpl<Remote::RProvider, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::IPluginBaseImpl<Remote::RProvider, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IReferenceCountedImpl<Remote::RProvider, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IVersionedImpl<Remote::RProvider, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IProvider> > > > > > >::cloopcreateDatabaseDispatcher (self=0x7ffff7fafe78, status=0x7fffffffd070, 
    fileName=0x7ffff7f3d250 "/home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/fbtests.fdb", dpbLength=41, dpb=0x7fffffffcec0 "\001\004\004")
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/include/firebird/IdlFbInterfaces.h:13052
#7  0x000055555560cb45 in Firebird::IProvider::createDatabase<Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper> (this=0x7ffff7fafe78, status=0x7fffffffd068, 
    fileName=0x7ffff7f3d250 "/home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/fbtests.fdb", dpbLength=41, dpb=0x7fffffffcec0 "\001\004\004")
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/include/firebird/IdlFbInterfaces.h:3046
#8  0x00005555555f7ad9 in Why::Dispatcher::attachOrCreateDatabase (this=0x7ffff7fa8bf0, status=0x7fffffffd068, createFlag=true, filename=0x55555575d019 "fbtests.fdb", 
    dpbLength=26, dpb=0x7ffff7fa8d48 "\001\004\004") at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/yvalve/why.cpp:6583
#9  0x00005555555de409 in Why::Dispatcher::createDatabase (this=0x7ffff7fa8bf0, status=0x7fffffffd068, filename=0x55555575d019 "fbtests.fdb", dpbLength=26, 
    dpb=0x7ffff7fa8d48 "\001\004\004") at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/yvalve/why.cpp:6502
#10 0x00005555555a2187 in Firebird::IProviderBaseImpl<Why::Dispatcher, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::IPluginBaseImpl<Why::Dispatcher, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IReferenceCountedImpl<Why::Dispatcher, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IVersionedImpl<Why::Dispatcher, Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper, Firebird::Inherit<Firebird::IProvider> > > > > > >::cloopcreateDatabaseDispatcher (self=0x7ffff7fa8bf8, status=0x7fffffffd168, fileName=0x55555575d019 "fbtests.fdb", 
    dpbLength=26, dpb=0x7ffff7fa8d48 "\001\004\004") at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/include/firebird/IdlFbInterfaces.h:13052
#11 0x000055555559bfa7 in Firebird::IProvider::createDatabase<Firebird::ThrowStatusWrapper> (this=0x7ffff7fa8bf8, status=0x7fffffffd160, fileName=0x55555575d019 "fbtests.fdb", 
    dpbLength=26, dpb=0x7ffff7fa8d48 "\001\004\004") at src/include/firebird/IdlFbInterfaces.h:3046
#12 0x000055555559b2b1 in main () at examples/interfaces/01.create.cpp:80
(gdb) b interface.cpp:1922
Breakpoint 2 at 0x5555556ae2c0: file /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/remote/client/interface.cpp, line 1922.
(gdb) r
The program being debugged has been started already.
Start it from the beginning? (y or n) y
Starting program: /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/01.create 
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
[New Thread 0x7ffff77ff6c0 (LWP 649231)]

Thread 1 "01.create" hit Breakpoint 2, Remote::RProvider::create (this=0x7ffff7fafe70, status=0x7fffffffc808, 
    filename=0x7ffff7f3d250 "/home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/fbtests.fdb", dpb_length=41, dpb=0x7fffffffcec0 "\001\004\004", loopback=false)
    at /home/asfernandes/fb/dev/firebird-master.git/src/remote/client/interface.cpp:1922
1922			ClntAuthBlock cBlock(&expanded_name, &newDpb, &dpbParam);
(gdb) n
[New Thread 0x7ffff6ffe6c0 (LWP 649232)]
1923			PathName node_name;