feat: Allow mass-populating options from a value source

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/Option.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
  */
 package net.kyori.option;
 
+import net.kyori.option.value.ValueType;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@
  */
 @ApiStatus.NonExtendable
 public interface Option<V> {
-
   /**
    * Create an option with a boolean value type.
    *
@@ -87,8 +87,20 @@ static <E extends Enum<E>> Option<E> enumOption(final String id, final Class<E>
    *
    * @return the value type
    * @since 1.0.0
+   * @deprecated for removal since 1.1.0, use {@link #valueType()} instead
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  default @NotNull Class<V> type() {
+    return this.valueType().type();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get information about the option's value type.
+   *
+   * @return the value type
+   * @since 1.0.0
    */
-  @NotNull Class<V> type();
+  @NotNull ValueType<V> valueType();
 
   /**
    * Get a default value for the option, if any is present.

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/OptionImpl.java

@@ -24,16 +24,17 @@
 package net.kyori.option;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
+import net.kyori.option.value.ValueType;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 final class OptionImpl<V> implements Option<V> {
 
   private final String id;
-  private final Class<V> type;
+  private final ValueType<V> type;
   private final @Nullable V defaultValue; // excluded from equality comparisons, it does not form part of the option identity
 
-  OptionImpl(final @NotNull String id, final @NotNull Class<V> type, final @Nullable V defaultValue) {
+  OptionImpl(final @NotNull String id, final @NotNull ValueType<V> type, final @Nullable V defaultValue) {
     this.id = id;
     this.type = type;
     this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ final class OptionImpl<V> implements Option<V> {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public @NotNull Class<V> type() {
+  public @NotNull ValueType<V> valueType() {
     return this.type;
   }
 

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/OptionSchemaImpl.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import net.kyori.option.value.ValueType;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ static final class Instances {
   }
 
   final class MutableImpl implements OptionSchema.Mutable {
-    <T> Option<T> register(final String id, final Class<T> type, final @Nullable T defaultValue) {
+    <T> Option<T> register(final String id, final ValueType<T> type, final @Nullable T defaultValue) {
       final Option<T> ret = new OptionImpl<>(
         requireNonNull(id, "id"),
         requireNonNull(type, "type"),
@@ -99,27 +100,27 @@ <T> Option<T> register(final String id, final Class<T> type, final @Nullable T d
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull Option<String> stringOption(final @NotNull String id, final @Nullable String defaultValue) {
-      return this.register(id, String.class, defaultValue);
+      return this.register(id, ValueType.stringType(), defaultValue);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull Option<Boolean> booleanOption(final @NotNull String id, final boolean defaultValue) {
-      return this.register(id, Boolean.class, defaultValue);
+      return this.register(id, ValueType.booleanType(), defaultValue);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull Option<Integer> intOption(final @NotNull String id, final int defaultValue) {
-      return this.register(id, Integer.class, defaultValue);
+      return this.register(id, ValueType.integerType(), defaultValue);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull Option<Double> doubleOption(final @NotNull String id, final double defaultValue) {
-      return this.register(id, Double.class, defaultValue);
+      return this.register(id, ValueType.doubleType(), defaultValue);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull <E extends Enum<E>> Option<E> enumOption(final @NotNull String id, final @NotNull Class<E> enumClazz, final @Nullable E defaultValue) {
-      return this.register(id, enumClazz, defaultValue);
+      return this.register(id, ValueType.enumType(enumClazz), defaultValue);
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/OptionState.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import net.kyori.option.value.ValueSource;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
@@ -152,6 +153,15 @@ interface Builder {
      */
     @NotNull Builder values(final @NotNull OptionState existing);
 
+    /**
+     * Set a value for all options within the {@link #schema()} where a value is provided by the {@code source}.
+     *
+     * @param source a source to populate values
+     * @return this builder
+     * @since 1.1.0
+     */
+    @NotNull Builder values(final @NotNull ValueSource source);
+
     /**
      * Create a completed option state.
      *

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/OptionStateImpl.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import java.util.SortedMap;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import net.kyori.option.value.ValueSource;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public boolean has(final @NotNull Option<?> option) {
 
   @Override
   public <V> V value(final @NotNull Option<V> option) {
-    final V value = option.type().cast(this.values.get(requireNonNull(option, "flag")));
+    final V value = option.valueType().type().cast(this.values.get(requireNonNull(option, "flag")));
     return value == null ? option.defaultValue() : value;
   }
 
@@ -209,6 +210,18 @@ private void putAll(final Map<Option<?>, Object> values) {
       }
       return this;
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull Builder values(final @NotNull ValueSource source) {
+      for (final Option<?> opt : this.schema.knownOptions()) {
+        final Object value = source.value(opt);
+        if (value != null) {
+          this.values.put(opt, value);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    }
   }
 
   static final class VersionedBuilderImpl implements OptionState.VersionedBuilder {

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/value/ValueSource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of option, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 KyoriPowered
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package net.kyori.option.value;
+
+import net.kyori.option.Option;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * A source for external option values.
+ *
+ * @since 1.1.0
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface ValueSource {
+  /**
+   * A value source that will extract option values from environment variables.
+   *
+   * <p>Any of the characters {@code :}, {@code /}, and {@code -} will be replaced with {@code _}.</p>
+   *
+   * @return an environment variable-backed value source with no prefix
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   */
+  static @NotNull ValueSource environmentVariable() {
+    return environmentVariable("");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A value source that will extract option values from environment variables.
+   *
+   * <p>Any of the characters {@code :}, {@code /}, and {@code -} will be replaced with {@code _}.</p>
+   *
+   * @param prefix the prefix for environment lookup, which will be prepended to keys followed by a {@code _},
+   *               or the empty string for no prefix
+   * @return an environment variable-backed value source
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   */
+  static @NotNull ValueSource environmentVariable(final @NotNull String prefix) {
+    return new ValueSources.EnvironmentVariable(prefix);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A value source that will extract option values from system properties.
+   *
+   * <p>Any of the characters {@code :} and {@code /} will be replaced with {@code .}.</p>
+   *
+   * @return a system property-backed value source with no prefix
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   */
+  static @NotNull ValueSource systemProperty() {
+    return systemProperty("");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A value source that will extract option values from system properties.
+   *
+   * <p>Any of the characters {@code :} and {@code /} will be replaced with {@code .}.</p>
+   *
+   * @param prefix the prefix for property lookup, which will be prepended to properties followed by a {@code .},
+   *               or the empty string for no prefix
+   * @return a system property-backed value source
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   */
+  static @NotNull ValueSource systemProperty(final @NotNull String prefix) {
+    return new ValueSources.SystemProperty(prefix);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provide a value for the specified option, if any is set.
+   *
+   * @param option the option
+   * @return a value, if set
+   * @param <T> the value type
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   */
+  <T> @Nullable T value(final @NotNull Option<T> option);
+}

src/main/java/net/kyori/option/value/ValueSources.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of option, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 KyoriPowered
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package net.kyori.option.value;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import net.kyori.option.Option;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+final class ValueSources {
+  static final ValueSource ENVIRONMENT = new EnvironmentVariable("");
+  static final ValueSource SYSTEM_PROPERTIES = new SystemProperty("");
+
+  private ValueSources() {
+  }
+
+  static final class EnvironmentVariable implements ValueSource {
+    private static final Pattern ENVIRONMENT_SUBST_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[:\\-/]");
+    private static final String ENVIRONMENT_VAR_SEPARATOR = "_";
+
+    private final String prefix;
+
+    EnvironmentVariable(final String prefix) {
+      this.prefix = prefix.isEmpty() ? "" : prefix.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT) + ENVIRONMENT_VAR_SEPARATOR;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> @Nullable T value(final @NotNull Option<T> option) {
+      final StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(option.id().length() + this.prefix.length());
+      buf.append(this.prefix);
+      final Matcher match = ENVIRONMENT_SUBST_PATTERN.matcher(option.id());
+      while (match.find()) {
+        match.appendReplacement(buf, ENVIRONMENT_VAR_SEPARATOR);
+      }
+      match.appendTail(buf);
+
+      final String value = System.getenv(buf.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT));
+      if (value == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      return option.valueType().parse(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static final class SystemProperty implements ValueSource {
+    private static final Pattern SYSTEM_PROP_SUBST_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[:/]");
+    private static final String SYSTEM_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR = ".";
+
+    private final String prefix;
+
+    SystemProperty(final String prefix) {
+      this.prefix = prefix.isEmpty() ? "" : prefix + SYSTEM_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> @Nullable T value(final @NotNull Option<T> option) {
+      final StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(option.id().length() + this.prefix.length());
+      buf.append(this.prefix);
+      final Matcher match = SYSTEM_PROP_SUBST_PATTERN.matcher(option.id());
+      while (match.find()) {
+        match.appendReplacement(buf, SYSTEM_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR);
+      }
+      match.appendTail(buf);
+
+      final String value = System.getProperty(buf.toString());
+      if (value == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      return option.valueType().parse(value);
+    }
+  }
+}