CI: simplify clang-format helpers and use ros: docker images for stable builds

[jlblancoc]

Summary

• Replace complex Python-based clang_git_format scripts with a simple scripts/formatter.sh supporting --check mode
• Rename scripts/clang-formatter.sh → scripts/formatter.sh for consistency across repos
• Simplify check-clang-format.yml to just apt-get install clang-format-14 + bash scripts/formatter.sh --check
• Add stable humble/jazzy matrix entries using ros:humble / ros:jazzy pre-built Docker images (faster)
• Remove legacy .github/check_style.sh, python_clang_format_reqs.txt, and scripts/clang_git_format/

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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ℹ️ Review info

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: defaults

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 436a1dcb-d78f-4c2b-8649-1a78cd40e21b

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between e853bb7 and 17995a9.

📒 Files selected for processing (16)

• .github/check_style.sh
• .github/python_clang_format_reqs.txt
• .github/workflows/build-ros.yml
• .github/workflows/check-clang-format.yml
• scripts/clang-formatter.sh
• scripts/clang_git_format/.gitignore
• scripts/clang_git_format/LICENSE
• scripts/clang_git_format/README.md
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/__init__.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/clang_format.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/config.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/custom_exceptions.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/repo.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/clang_git_format/utils.py
• scripts/clang_git_format/format_code.py
• scripts/formatter.sh

✨ Finishing Touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Commit unit tests in branch simplify-ci

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