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Add Kannada (kn-IN) G2P support for TTS#15582

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jasro23 wants to merge 2 commits intoNVIDIA-NeMo:mainfrom
jasro23:kannada_g2p
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Add Kannada (kn-IN) G2P support for TTS#15582
jasro23 wants to merge 2 commits intoNVIDIA-NeMo:mainfrom
jasro23:kannada_g2p

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@jasro23 jasro23 commented Apr 3, 2026

  • Add KannadaG2p class with hybrid dictionary + rule-based IPA conversion
  • Add Kannada grapheme and IPA character sets to ipa_lexicon.py
  • Add kn-IN locale support with punctuation handling
  • Include lexicon with 4K Kannada words
  • Add test script with assertions for validation

The G2P module handles:

  • All Kannada vowels, consonants, matras (dependent vowels)
  • Virama (halant), anusvara, visarga
  • Anusvara place assimilation based on following consonant

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What does this PR do ?

Add Kannada (kn-IN) G2P support for TTS

Collection: [TTS]

Changelog

  • Add KannadaG2p class in nemo/collections/tts/g2p/models/kn_in_ipa.py for Kannada grapheme-to-phoneme conversion
  • Add Kannada grapheme and IPA character sets to ipa_lexicon.py
  • Add kn-IN to supported locales with Kannada-specific punctuation
  • Add pronunciation dictionary with 4264 Kannada words (kn_IN_nv260318.dict)
  • Add Kannada G2P unit tests to test_tts_tokenizers.py

Usage

  • You can potentially add a usage example below
# Add a code snippet demonstrating how to use this 

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@jasro23 jasro23 force-pushed the kannada_g2p branch 2 times, most recently from 2cb28e8 to 8ddb3c2 Compare April 3, 2026 19:59
@annagirimokshith
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@jasro23 Can you also add support for Telugu language

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jasro23 commented Apr 9, 2026

@jasro23 Can you also add support for Telugu language

@annagirimokshith . I am not too familiar with Telugu.

Comment thread nemo/collections/tts/g2p/models/kn_in_ipa.py Fixed
Comment thread nemo/collections/tts/g2p/models/kn_in_ipa.py Fixed
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Pull request overview

Adds Kannada (kn-IN) grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) support for NeMo TTS, including a new Kannada IPA G2P implementation, locale character sets/punctuation, a pronunciation dictionary, and unit tests.

Changes:

  • Introduce KannadaG2p with hybrid dictionary + rule-based IPA conversion.
  • Add kn-IN grapheme and IPA character sets plus locale punctuation handling.
  • Add a Kannada pronunciation lexicon and basic unit tests validating G2P outputs.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 6 comments.

File Description
nemo/collections/tts/g2p/models/kn_in_ipa.py New Kannada G2P implementation (dictionary + rule-based).
nemo/collections/common/tokenizers/text_to_speech/ipa_lexicon.py Adds kn-IN locale support, including grapheme/IPA sets and punctuation.
scripts/tts_dataset_files/kn_IN/kn_IN_nv260318.dict New Kannada pronunciation dictionary (~4.3K entries).
tests/collections/common/tokenizers/text_to_speech/test_tts_tokenizers.py Adds unit tests for Kannada G2P behavior.

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Comment on lines +414 to +426
# Handle digits (pass through or convert)
if char.isdigit():
phonemes.append(char)
i += 1
continue

# Handle Kannada digits
kannada_digits = '೦೧೨೩೪೫೬೭೮೯'
if char in kannada_digits:
# Convert to Arabic numeral
phonemes.append(str(kannada_digits.index(char)))
i += 1
continue
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Kannada digits (೦-೯) will never reach the Kannada-digit conversion block because str.isdigit() is true for Kannada digits, so the earlier if char.isdigit(): phonemes.append(char) branch consumes them. This causes Kannada digits to be returned unchanged instead of being mapped to Arabic numerals as intended. Consider checking for Kannada digits before isdigit(), or restricting the isdigit() branch to ASCII digits only (e.g., char.isascii() and char.isdigit()).

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Comment on lines +83 to +87
phoneme_dict = (
self._parse_phoneme_dict(phoneme_dict, phoneme_prefix)
if isinstance(phoneme_dict, (str, pathlib.Path))
else phoneme_dict
)
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When phoneme_dict is passed as a Python dict, entries like {word: ["namaskaːɾa"]} are kept as whole-string tokens, but the rule-based path emits per-character IPA tokens. This makes outputs inconsistent across dictionary vs OOV words and can break downstream tokenizers that expect single-symbol IPA tokens (e.g., 'ː' separate from 'a'). Consider normalizing dict-provided pronunciations by splitting each pronunciation string into a list of IPA symbols/characters (and applying phoneme_prefix) to match _parse_phoneme_dict behavior.

Suggested change
phoneme_dict = (
self._parse_phoneme_dict(phoneme_dict, phoneme_prefix)
if isinstance(phoneme_dict, (str, pathlib.Path))
else phoneme_dict
)
if isinstance(phoneme_dict, (str, pathlib.Path)):
phoneme_dict = self._parse_phoneme_dict(phoneme_dict, phoneme_prefix)
else:
normalized_phoneme_dict = {}
for word, prons in phoneme_dict.items():
normalized_prons = []
for pron in prons:
if isinstance(pron, str):
normalized_prons.extend([phoneme_prefix + symbol for symbol in pron])
else:
normalized_prons.extend(pron)
normalized_phoneme_dict[word] = normalized_prons
phoneme_dict = normalized_phoneme_dict

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
Comment thread nemo/collections/tts/g2p/models/kn_in_ipa.py
Comment on lines +16 to +22
import re
import unicodedata
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union

from nemo.collections.common.tokenizers.text_to_speech.ipa_lexicon import (
GRAPHEME_CHARACTER_SETS,
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re and GRAPHEME_CHARACTER_SETS are imported but not used in this module. Removing unused imports will avoid lint failures and keep the file clean.

Suggested change
import re
import unicodedata
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
from nemo.collections.common.tokenizers.text_to_speech.ipa_lexicon import (
GRAPHEME_CHARACTER_SETS,
import unicodedata
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
from nemo.collections.common.tokenizers.text_to_speech.ipa_lexicon import (

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.
Comment thread nemo/collections/common/tokenizers/text_to_speech/ipa_lexicon.py
@svcnvidia-nemo-ci svcnvidia-nemo-ci added waiting-on-maintainers Waiting on maintainers to respond and removed needs-follow-up Issue needs follow-up labels Apr 21, 2026
@pzelasko pzelasko removed the Run CICD label Apr 28, 2026
- Add KannadaG2p class with hybrid dictionary + rule-based IPA conversion
- Add Kannada grapheme and IPA character sets to ipa_lexicon.py
- Add kn-IN locale support with punctuation handling
- Include lexicon with 4264 Kannada words
- Add test script with assertions for validation

The G2P module handles:
- All Kannada vowels, consonants, matras (dependent vowels)
- Virama (halant), anusvara, visarga
- Anusvara place assimilation based on following consonant

Signed-off-by: Jason Roche <jas.tech23@gmail.com>
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copy-pr-bot Bot commented May 1, 2026

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@jasro23 jasro23 marked this pull request as draft May 1, 2026 19:00
@jasro23 jasro23 force-pushed the kannada_g2p branch 5 times, most recently from 5bb1488 to d67c70b Compare May 1, 2026 20:04
Signed-off-by: Jason Roche <jas.tech23@gmail.com>
@svcnvidia-nemo-ci svcnvidia-nemo-ci removed the waiting-on-maintainers Waiting on maintainers to respond label May 1, 2026
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8 participants