Add catalyst.memspace attribute

[mehrdad2m]

Context:
Implements a generic memory-space attribute in the Catalyst dialect that can be used in the memory_space slot of memref types (or as a discardable attribute) to tag values with a logical memory domain plus an optional LLVM-level address space within that domain.
e.g.

memref<4x64xi8, #catalyst.memspace<"d0">>
memref<1xi32,   #catalyst.memspace<"d1", 1 : i64>>

Description of the Change:

Benefits:

Possible Drawbacks:

Related GitHub Issues:
[sc-117605]

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 96.99%. Comparing base (ca2c62b) to head (3051667).
⚠️ Report is 17 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2750      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.07%   96.99%   -0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         164      165       +1     
  Lines       18703    18460     -243     
  Branches     1766     1783      +17     
==========================================
- Hits        18156    17906     -250     
- Misses        397      398       +1     
- Partials      150      156       +6     

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