[Backline] add automatic checking to runtime_cal

[multiphaseCFD]

[Mirrors the additions on kszenes:fix/add-checking-runtime-call.
](#3123)

Summary

• Direct copy of kszenes:fix/add-checking-runtime-call at HEAD 8ca76ccca (Merge branch 'shuli/backline-memcopy' into fix/add-checking-runtime-call).
• Real payload commit: [10bf57bf2 fix: add automatic checking to \runtime_cal`](https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/catalyst/commit/10bf57bf2865ca9fecb7a16bb193551289a0c28f), which introduces emitCheckedStatus/emitCheckedSessioninTransportToLLVM, adds __catalyst__transport__checkand__catalyst__transport__check_session` C-API entry points, and wraps runtime calls to surface transport failures as diagnostics instead of silent misbehavior.
• Rest of the branch: merges from backline-integration / shuli/backline-memcopy / rniczh/runtime-call-is-added-to-catalyst that carry the transport / backline scaffolding.

Test plan

• make -C mlir dialects + make -C runtime runtime ENABLE_TRANSPORT=ON
• runner_tests_transport runtime C++ tests
• Frontend backline pytest suite
• MLIR conversion tests under mlir/test/Transport/ConvertTransportToLLVM.mlir

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 95.73%. Comparing base (96564b5) to head (a478f64).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3150      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.77%   95.73%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         174      174              
  Lines       20601    20601              
  Branches     2066     2066              
==========================================
- Hits        19731    19723       -8     
- Misses        679      685       +6     
- Partials      191      193       +2     

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