allow passing arguments to native super type constructor

[Icxolu]

This adds the ability to pass custom arguments to the native super type constructor (tp_new).
Most of the discussion around this is in #5741. This tries to add support with minimal changes needed.

I'm leaving this in draft for now, as there still needs to be a some more documentation if we want to land this, but I wanted to get some eyes on and collect feedback on the approach.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 24.72%

❌ 1 regressed benchmark
✅ 139 untouched benchmarks

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	into_u128_max	1.5 µs	2 µs	-24.72%

Tip

Investigate this regression by commenting @codspeedbot fix this regression on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing Icxolu:pysupernew (d06c0b6) with main (d89d17a)}