Add Clifford circuit optimization to BasicSimulator

[debasmita2102]

• Implement _is_clifford_circuit() to detect Clifford circuits
• Implement _run_clifford_circuit() using StabilizerState for efficient simulation
• Fixes Add a primitives/backend wrapper to StabilizerState #13610

Testing

• All 58,020+ tests pass successfully
• Verified with tox -e lint and tox -e py313

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[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 18402463995

Warning: This coverage report may be inaccurate.

This pull request's base commit is no longer the HEAD commit of its target branch. This means it includes changes from outside the original pull request, including, potentially, unrelated coverage changes.

• For more information on this, see Tracking coverage changes with pull request builds.
• To avoid this issue with future PRs, see these Recommended CI Configurations.
• For a quick fix, rebase this PR at GitHub. Your next report should be accurate.

Details

• 45 of 45 (100.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 1 file are covered.
• 24 unchanged lines in 4 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.02%) to 88.257%

---

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
crates/transpiler/src/passes/unitary_synthesis.rs	1	92.4%
qiskit/providers/basic_provider/basic_simulator.py	4	95.48%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	6	92.03%
crates/circuit/src/parameter/symbol_expr.rs	13	72.62%

Totals
Change from base Build 18391394072:	0.02%
Covered Lines:	93233
Relevant Lines:	105638

---

💛 - Coveralls