Comprehensive content enhancement for Pyomo Jupyter Book - Addresses issue #17

[Copilot]

This PR comprehensively addresses issue #17 by transforming the Pyomo Jupyter Book from a minimal workshop guide into a complete educational resource with proper mathematical foundations, installation instructions, and enhanced content throughout.

Major Enhancements

Enhanced Introduction Page

The intro.md file has been completely rewritten to provide:

• Comprehensive "What is Pyomo?" section explaining capabilities, applications, and benefits
• Complete installation instructions with platform-specific guidance for Python, Pyomo, and solvers (GLPK, CBC, IPOPT)
• Mathematical programming fundamentals with proper LaTeX notation covering decision variables, objective functions, and constraints
• Problem type classifications (LP, MIP, NLP, MINLP) with clear explanations
• Working bibliography citations and references

Exercise Structure Improvements

All exercises now follow a consistent, educational format:

• Descriptive titles: Changed from "1.1 Knapsack example" to "Knapsack: Exercise 1.1 - Basic Example"
• Added knapsack problem overview with complete mathematical formulation including decision variables, objective function, and constraints
• Learning objectives for each exercise specifying what students will learn
• Progressive difficulty with clear educational goals

Dynamic Optimization Section

Added comprehensive theoretical foundation:

• Dynamic optimization overview explaining time-dependent problems, differential equations, and boundary conditions
• Enhanced specific examples:
  • Parameter estimation with kinetic reaction formulas
  • Small collocation with orthogonal polynomial approximations
  • Small DAE with proper mathematical formulation (fixed "Dae" → "DAE")
  • Finite difference with discretization equations (fixed "Find Diff" → "Finite Difference")

GDP (Generalized Disjunctive Programming) Section

Added complete explanation of GDP concepts:

• What GDP stands for and its relationship to traditional MIP
• Mathematical formulation with disjunctions and Boolean variables
• Comparison table highlighting advantages over manual big-M formulations
• Solution methods and practical applications

Technical Improvements

• Fixed JSON syntax errors in multiple notebooks that were preventing builds
• Verified successful book building with all content properly formatted
• Enhanced mathematical notation using proper LaTeX throughout
• Maintained deployment compatibility ensuring the book builds and deploys correctly

Before/After Comparison

Before: The intro page contained only "# Pyomo Workshop" and a table of contents
After: A comprehensive 100+ line introduction covering installation, mathematical fundamentals, and complete educational framework

This transformation addresses all checklist items in issue #17 and provides users with the foundational knowledge needed to effectively use the workshop materials.

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