CI: Update macOS matrix with latest versions (#406) #616

Job	Run time
build (ubuntu-22.04, g++-12, gcc-12, g++-12)	13m 59s
build (ubuntu-20.04, g++-9, gcc-9, g++-9)	14m 38s
build (ubuntu-22.04, clang-14, clang-14, clang++-14)	12m 58s
build (ubuntu-20.04, clang-9, clang-9, clang++-9, -fno-builtin)	8m 52s
build (macos-15, Xcode_16.0)	8m 8s
build (macos-14, Xcode_16.0)	9m 14s
build (macos-13, Xcode_15.2)	15m 37s
build (macos-13, Xcode_14.3.1)	26m 15s
build (macos-12, Xcode_14.2)	16m 17s
	2h 5m 58s

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