Task 1: Read a File and Handle Errors

1. Attempts to Open the File:

   • The script uses a try block to attempt to open the file named sample.txt in read mode ('r').

2. Reads and Prints Line by Line:

   • If the file is opened successfully, the script prints the message 'reading file content:'.
   • It then iterates through the file object file1 using a for loop. This allows the script to read the file line by line, which is memory-efficient, especially for large files.
   • For each line read from the file, it is printed to the console using print(line, end='').
     • end='' is used to prevent the print() function from adding an extra newline character after each line, as each line read from the file typically already includes one.

3. Closes the File:

   • file1.close(): After reading all the lines, the script explicitly closes the file to release system resources.

4. Handles FileNotFoundError:

   • except FileNotFoundError:: If the file sample.txt does not exist in the specified location, a FileNotFoundError will be raised. This except block catches this specific error.
   • print('error: file not found!'): If the file is not found, a user-friendly error message is printed to the console.

5. Handles Other Unexpected Errors:

   • except Exception as e:: This is a general exception handler that catches any other unexpected errors that might occur during the file operations (e.g., permission issues, encoding errors).
   • print(f'an unexpected error occurred:{e}'): If any other error occurs, a generic error message along with the specific error details (e) is printed to the console, which can be helpful for debugging.

Task 2: Write and Append Data to a File

1. Writes Initial Data:

   • The script prompts the user to "enter text to write to the file:".
   • It opens a file named output.txt in write mode ('w'). If the file exists, its contents will be overwritten. If it doesn't exist, a new file will be created.
   • The user's input is written to the output.txt file.
   • A confirmation message "data successfully written to output.txt" is printed.

2. Appends Additional Data:

   • The script then prompts the user to "enter additional text to append:".
   • It opens the same file output.txt again, but this time in append mode ('a'). This ensures that any new data is added to the end of the existing content.
   • A newline character (\n) is added before the additional user input to ensure that the appended text starts on a new line in the file.
   • The additional user input is written to the output.txt file.
   • A confirmation message "data successfully appended" is printed.

3. Reads and Displays Final Content:

   • The script prints the message "final content of output.txt:".
   • It opens the output.txt file in read mode ('r').
   • It iterates through each line in the file using a for loop.
   • Each line is printed to the console. The end='' argument in the print() function prevents adding an extra newline character, ensuring the output matches the file's formatting.