Curated papers & open-source resources · Agentic healthcare · Self-evolving AI · Multimodal clinical AI · Harness
A curated list of papers and open-source resources on self-evolving AI for agentic healthcare: LLM and multi-agent systems for clinical workflows, decision support, simulation, and biomedical pipelines, together with adaptation, memory, skills, and test-time improvement, multimodal and vision–language methods where they support care delivery, and harness engineering (evaluation, safety, orchestration, benchmarks). Coverage spans medical diagnosis, imaging and reporting, biomedical research, and virtual clinical environments.
| Agentic care Agents, tools, multi-agent workflows in health |
Self-evolution Memory, skills, adaptation, open-ended improvement |
Multimodal & VLM Imaging, pathology, clinical vision–language |
Harness Eval, rubrics, safety, orchestration |
- Tags
- Self-Evolving AI Papers
- Survey Papers
- Classic agent-based health care (2002–2008)
- Agent-based healthcare systems (2009–2014)
- Agent-based healthcare systems (2015–2022)
- By Topic
- Related Repositories
- Contributing
- Contact Us
Entries in the following sections are tagged [Core] or [Related·X]. Tags appear in the time-ordered paper list, Survey Papers, historical agent sections, and By Topic (the same title keeps the same tag).
| Tag | Meaning |
|---|---|
[Core] |
Healthcare context with agentic systems (LLM / multi-agent / tools) and/or explicit self-evolution (memory, skills, test-time adaptation, open-ended improvement), or care-centric harness / evaluation. Multimodal and medical VLM work counts as Core when it clearly supports agentic or self-improving clinical pipelines—not generic vision-only models. |
[Related·A] |
General agent, self-evolution, or harness methods — transferable, not healthcare-specific. |
[Related·B] |
Healthcare agents whose main signal is text, EHR, coding, omics, operations, or dialogue simulation (not primarily imaging / VLM). |
[Related·C] |
Clinical vision / multimodal models or benchmarks without a clear agentic or self-evolving angle. |
[Related·D] |
Surveys, perspectives, regulation, and commentary (including most entries under Survey Papers). |
[Related·E] |
Historical agent-based healthcare systems (2002–2022), pre–LLM / pre–VLM era. |
Note: Tags are curatorial, not quality judgments. Related entries remain valuable for context, methods, and literature history. Re-tag after major scope changes with
python scripts/tag_readme_scope.py.
Default order (time): Within each
###calendar year, entries are newest first, using the numeric order of the firstarxiv.org/abs/orarxiv.org/pdf/idYYMM.NNNNNwhen present (e.g.2605.*before2604.*before2603.*). Entries with a bioRxiv/medRxiv/10.1101/YYYY.MM.DDpath use that calendar date; bullets without any such id sort at the end of that year. Papers whose arXiv id implies another calendar year are grouped under the matching###heading. Venue tags use(*Venue'YY_MM*)when the month is known from links, otherwise the legacy(*Venue'YY*)form (no_MM).Tags: See Tags for
[Core]/[Related·A]–[Related·E]definitions.Other sort orders: Plain GitHub Markdown has no interactive sort controls. After bulk edits, run
python scripts/tag_readme_scope.pyto refresh[Core]/[Related·X]tags.
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) LipoAgent: Coordinating Fine-Tuned LLM Agents for Safer Lipid Design [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) A Sober Look at Agentic Misalignment in Automated Workflows [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) SkillEvolBench: Benchmarking the Evolution from Episodic Experience to Procedural Skills [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_05) Towards Trustworthy Agentic AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Safety, Robustness, Privacy, and System Security [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) MEMOR-E: In-Context and Fine-Tuned LLM Personalization for Alzheimer's Assistive Robotics [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) ClinSeekAgent: Automating Multimodal Evidence Seeking for Agentic Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) SEMA-RAG: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) DrugSAGE: Self-evolving Agent Experience for Efficient State-of-the-Art Drug Discovery [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) GraphFlow: An Architecture for Formally Verifiable Visual Workflows Enabling Reliable Agentic AI Automation [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) Holistic Evaluation and Failure Diagnosis of AI Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) Agentifying Patient Dynamics within LLMs through Interacting with Clinical World Model [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) DermAgent: A Self-Reflective Agentic System for Dermatological Image Analysis with Multi-Tool Reasoning and Traceable Decision-Making [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) LongMemEval-V2: Evaluating Long-Term Agent Memory Toward Experienced Colleagues [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) SAGE: A Self-Evolving Agentic Graph-Memory Engine for Structure-Aware Associative Memory [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) On-Policy Self-Evolution via Failure Trajectories for Agentic Safety Alignment (FATE) [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) MedMemoryBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Personalized Healthcare [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) Agent-ValueBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Agent Values [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) AgentRx: A Benchmark Study of LLM Agents for Multimodal Clinical Prediction Tasks [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) Continual Harness: Online Adaptation for Self-Improving Foundation Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) MCP-Cosmos: World Model-Augmented Agents for Complex Task Execution in MCP Environments [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_05) Measuring What Matters: Benchmarking Generative, Multimodal, and Agentic AI in Healthcare [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) MASPO: Joint Prompt Optimization for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) SkillOS: Learning Skill Curation for Self-Evolving Agents [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_05) NeuroAgent: LLM Agents for Multimodal Neuroimaging Analysis and Research [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) A Versatile AI Agent for Rare Disease Diagnosis and Risk Gene Prioritization [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) TheraAgent: Self-Improving Therapeutic Agent for Precise and Comprehensive Treatment Planning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) MemTier: Tiered Memory Architecture and Retrieval Bottleneck Analysis for Long-Running Autonomous AI Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) CuraView: A Multi-Agent Framework for Medical Hallucination Detection with GraphRAG-Enhanced Knowledge Verification [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) Healthcare AI GYM for Medical Agents [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) An Empirical Study of Agent Skills for Healthcare: Practice, Gaps, and Governance [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) ARA: Agentic Reproducibility Assessment for Scalable Support of Scientific Peer-Review [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) PhysicianBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Real-World EHR Environments [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) Virtual Speech Therapist: A Clinician-in-the-Loop AI Speech Therapy Agent for Personalized and Supervised Therapy [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) LLM as Clinical Graph Structure Refiner: Enhancing Representation Learning in EEG Seizure Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Modeling Clinical Concern Trajectories in Language Model Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Iterative Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Detecting Clinical Discrepancies in Health Coaching Agents: A Dual-Stream Memory and Reconciliation Architecture [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) MedSynapse-V: Bridging Visual Perception and Clinical Intuition via Latent Memory Evolution [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Case-Specific Rubrics for Clinical AI Evaluation: Methodology, Validation, and LLM-Clinician Agreement Across 823 Encounters [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) NeuroClaw Technical Report: Closed-Loop Agentic AI for Executable and Reproducible Neuroimaging Research [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Skill Retrieval Augmentation for Agentic AI [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) FastOMOP: A Foundational Architecture for Reliable Agentic Real-World Evidence Generation on OMOP CDM Data [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic Clinical Reasoning over Longitudinal Myeloma Records: A Retrospective Evaluation Against Expert Consensus [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic AI Platforms for Autonomous Training and Rule Induction of Human-Human and Virus-Human Protein-Protein Interactions [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) ClawTrace: Cost-Aware Tracing for LLM Agent Skill Distillation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) EndoGov: A knowledge-governed multi-agent expert system for endometrial cancer risk stratification [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Vibe Medicine: Redefining Biomedical Research Through Human-AI Co-Work [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) VeriLLMed: Interactive Visual Debugging of Medical Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) From Research Question to Scientific Workflow: Leveraging Agentic AI for Science Automation [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Transient Turn Injection: Exposing Stateless Multi-Turn Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) AEL: Agent Evolving Learning for Open-Ended Environments [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Trustworthy Clinical Decision Support Using Meta-Predicates and Domain-Specific Languages [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic AI for Personalized Physiotherapy: A Multi-Agent Framework for Generative Video Training and Real-Time Pose Correction [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Co-Evolving LLM Decision and Skill Bank Agents for Long-Horizon Tasks [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Can "AI" Be a Doctor? A Study of Empathy, Readability, and Alignment in Clinical LLMs [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Learning to Evolve: A Self-Improving Framework for Multi-Agent Systems via Textual Parameter Graph Optimization [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) MedSkillAudit: A Domain-Specific Audit Framework for Medical Research Agent Skills [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) From Fuzzy to Formal: Scaling Hospital Quality Improvement with AI [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) AblateCell: A Reproduce-then-Ablate Agent for Virtual Cell Repositories [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) A Self-Evolving Framework for Efficient Terminal Agents via Observational Context Compression [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (ACL'26_04) From Experience to Skill: Multi-Agent Generative Engine Optimization via Reusable Strategy Learning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) MDAgent: A Multi-Agent Framework for End-to-End Molecular Dynamics Research [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) First, Do No Harm (With LLMs): Mitigating Racial Bias via Agentic Workflows [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Neuro-Symbolic Resolution of Recommendation Conflicts in Multimorbidity Clinical Guidelines [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) From Clinical Intent to Clinical Model: An Autonomous Coding-Agent Framework for Clinician-driven AI Development [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) GenericAgent: A Token-Efficient Self-Evolving LLM Agent via Contextual Information Density Maximization [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic Large Language Models for Training-Free Neuro-Radiological Image Analysis [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) DeepER-Med: Advancing Deep Evidence-Based Research in Medicine Through Agentic AI [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) RadAgent: A Tool-Using AI Agent for Stepwise Interpretation of Chest Computed Tomography [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Autogenesis: A Self-Evolving Agent Protocol [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Can LLMs Score Medical Diagnoses and Clinical Reasoning as well as Expert Panels? [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Rethinking Patient Education as Multi-turn Multi-modal Interaction [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Evo-MedAgent: Beyond One-Shot Diagnosis with Agents That Remember, Reflect, and Improve [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Seeing Through Experts' Eyes: A Foundational Vision Language Model Trained on Radiologists' Gaze and Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Enhancing Reinforcement Learning for Radiology Report Generation with Evidence-aware Rewards and Self-correcting Preference Learning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) QuarkMedSearch: A Long-Horizon Deep Search Agent for Exploring Medical Intelligence [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) CARIS: Coding-Free and Privacy-Preserving MCP Framework for Clinical Agentic Research Intelligence System [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Development, Evaluation, and Deployment of a Multi-Agent System for Thoracic Tumor Board [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (ACL'26_04) Dialectic-Med: Mitigating Diagnostic Hallucinations via Counterfactual Adversarial Multi-Agent Debate [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Mem^2Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) CAMYLA: Scaling Autonomous Research in Medical Image Segmentation [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Constraint-Aware Corrective Memory for Language-Based Drug Discovery Agents (CACM) [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SEA-Eval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Self-Evolving Agents Beyond Episodic Assessment [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Multi-Agent Decision-Focused Learning via Value-Aware Sequential Communication (SeqComm-DFL) [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Grounding Clinical AI Competency in Human Cognition Through the Clinical World Model and Skill-Mix Framework [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SEARL: Joint Optimization of Policy and Tool Graph Memory for Self-Evolving Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) EMSDialog: Synthetic Multi-person Emergency Medical Service Dialogue Generation from Electronic Patient Care Reports via Multi-LLM Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Joint Optimization of Reasoning and Dual-Memory for Self-Learning Diagnostic Agent [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) LungCURE: Benchmarking Multimodal Real-World Clinical Reasoning for Precision Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SymptomWise: A Deterministic Reasoning Layer for Reliable and Efficient AI Systems [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Evidence-Based Actor-Verifier Reasoning for Echocardiographic Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) MAT-Cell: A Multi-Agent Tree-Structured Reasoning Framework for Batch-Level Single-Cell Annotation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) From Exposure to Internalization: Dual-Stream Calibration for In-context Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) BAAI Cardiac Agent: An intelligent multimodal agent for automated reasoning and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SKILLFOUNDRY: Building Self-Evolving Agent Skill Libraries from Heterogeneous Scientific Resources [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) XrayClaw: Cooperative-Competitive Multi-Agent Alignment for Trustworthy Chest X-ray Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) CORAL: Towards Autonomous Multi-Agent Evolution for Open-Ended Discovery [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) CARE: Privacy-Compliant Agentic Reasoning with Evidence Discordance [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselor [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Can Large Language Models Self-Correct in Medical Question Answering? An Exploratory Study [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_04) A Safety-Aware Role-Orchestrated Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Behavioral Health Communication Simulation [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic AI for Clinical Urgency Mapping and Queue Optimization in High-Volume Outpatient Departments: A Simulation-Based Evaluation [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (bioRxiv'26_04) A Unified Agent-Enabled Platform for Drug Repurposing across Molecular, Phenotypic, and Clinical Scales [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (medRxiv'26_04) Artificial Intelligence Agents in Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (medRxiv'26_04) Dissecting clinical reasoning failures in frontier artificial intelligence using 10,000 synthetic cases [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (medRxiv'26_04) HAARF: Healthcare AI Agents Regulatory Framework [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) One Panel Does Not Fit All: Case-Adaptive Multi-Agent Deliberation for Clinical Prediction (CAMP) [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Cognitive Friction: A Decision-Theoretic Framework for Bounded Deliberation in Tool-Using Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Perfecting Human–AI Interaction at Clinical Scale: Turning Production Signals into Safer, More Human Conversations [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Symphony for Medical Coding: A Next-Generation Agentic System for Scalable and Explainable Medical Coding [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Meta-Harness: End-to-End Optimization of Model Harnesses [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Improving Clinical Diagnosis with Counterfactual Multi-Agent Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Self-evolving AI agents for protein discovery and directed evolution [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) MediHive: A Decentralized Agent Collective for Medical Question Answering [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) AIRA_2: Overcoming Bottlenecks in AI Research Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Reflect to Inform: Boosting Multimodal Reasoning via Information-Gain-Driven Verification [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) SkinGPT-X: A Self-Evolving Collaborative Multi-Agent System for Transparent and Trustworthy Dermatological Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Doctorina MedBench: End-to-End Evaluation of Agent-Based Medical AI [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) UI-Voyager: A Self-Evolving GUI Agent Learning via Failed Experience [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) CarePilot: A Multi-Agent Framework for Long-Horizon Computer Task Automation in Healthcare [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) GSEM: Graph-based Self-Evolving Memory for Experience Augmented Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) When Models Judge Themselves: Unsupervised Self-Evolution for Multimodal Reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) MemMA: Coordinating the Memory Cycle through Multi-Agent Reasoning and In-Situ Self-Evolution [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) AgentFactory: A Self-Evolving Framework Through Executable Subagent Accumulation and Reuse [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) SkillEvolver: Dynamic Skill Lifecycle Management for Agentic RL [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) OpenHospital: A Thing-in-itself Arena for Evolving and Benchmarking LLM-based Collective Intelligence [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) EviAgent: Evidence-Driven Agent for Radiology Report Generation [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) TheraAgent: Multi-Agent Framework with Self-Evolving Memory and Evidence-Calibrated Reasoning for PET Theranostics [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) CreativeBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Machine Creativity via Self-Evolving Challenges [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Skill-Evolving Grounded Reasoning for Free-Text Promptable 3D Medical Image Segmentation [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) EvoScientist: Towards Multi-Agent Evolving AI Scientists for End-to-End Scientific Discovery [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Med-Evo: Test-time Self-evolution for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Evolving Medical Imaging Agents via Experience-driven Self-skill Discovery (MACRO) [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Tool-Genesis: A Task-Driven Tool Creation Benchmark for Self-Evolving Language Agent [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) AutoSkill: Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning via Skill Self-Evolution [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·C] (arXiv'26_03) How Well Do Multimodal Models Reason on ECG Signals? [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_02) The Doctor Will (Still) See You Now: On the Structural Limits of Agentic AI in Healthcare [📝 Paper]
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[Related·D] (arXiv'26_02) Agentic AI, Medical Morality, and the Transformation of the Clinic [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_02) Closing Reasoning Gaps in Clinical Agents with Differential Reasoning Learning [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_02) S1-NexusAgent: a Self-Evolving Agent Framework for Multidisciplinary Scientific Research [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26_02) Position: Agentic Evolution is the Path to Evolving LLMs [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_02) PantheonOS: An Evolvable Multi-Agent Framework for Automatic Genomics Discovery [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_01) EvoClinician: A Self-Evolving Agent for Multi-Turn Medical Diagnosis via Test-Time Evolutionary Learning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_01) Route, Retrieve, Reflect, Repair (R⁴): Self-Improving Agentic Framework for Visual Detection and Linguistic Reasoning in Medical Imaging [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (arXiv'26_01) IBISAgent: Reinforcing Pixel-Level Visual Reasoning in MLLMs for Universal Biomedical Object Referring and Segmentation [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (arXiv'26_01) ClinicalReTrial: A Self-Evolving AI Agent for Clinical Trial Protocol Optimization [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_01) Agentomics: An Agentic System that Autonomously Develops Novel State-of-the-art Solutions for Biomedical Machine Learning Tasks [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (AACR Annual Meeting'26) Agentic AI as the Cancer Researcher: Autonomous Discovery in Oncology [🌐 Program]
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[Core] (CEEM'26) From Non-Agentic LLMs to Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (Expert Syst. Appl.'26) CARE: A clinical agentic reasoning engine to enhance real-World diagnostic accuracy via structured medical reasoning [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (Nat. Health'26) A multi-agent framework combining large language models with medical flowcharts for self-triage [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Core] (Nat. Med.'26) An agentic framework for autonomous scientific discovery in cancer pathology [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (Nature Biomedical Engineering'26) BioMedAgent: A Self-Evolving LLM Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous, Tool-Aware Biomedical Data Analyses [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (GitHub'26) EverOS: Build, evaluate, and integrate long-term memory for self-evolving agents [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (GitHub'26) NanoResearch: Co-Evolving Skills, Memory, and Policy for Personalized Research Automation [💻 Code]
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[Related·A] (ICLR'26 Rejected) SkillEvo: An Experience Learning Framework with Reinforcement Learning for Skill Evolution [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (arXiv'26) MAGE: Multi-Agent Self-Evolution with Co-Evolutionary Knowledge Graphs [🌐 arXiv]
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[Related·B] (Cambridge Open Engage'26) Artificial Epidemiology: How Self-Evolving Clinical AI Manufactures Disease Prevalence from Administrative Coding Artifacts [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (npj Digital Medicine'26) EvoMDT: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Structured Clinical Decision-Making in Multi-Cancer [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
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[Related·D] (Health Inf Sci Syst'26) Enhancing LLM-based medical decision-making by test-time knowledge acquisition [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (bioRxiv'26_07) STELLA: Towards a Biomedical World Model with Self-Evolving Multimodal Agents [📝 Paper]
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[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_06) OriGene: A Self-Evolving Virtual Disease Biologist Automating Therapeutic Target Discovery [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (arXiv'25_10) Evolving Diagnostic Agents in a Virtual Clinical Environment [📝 Paper]
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[Core] (bioRxiv'25_10) LabOS: The AI-XR Co-Scientist That Sees and Works With Humans [📝 Paper] [💻 Code] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·A] (ICLR'26_10) EvoTest: Evolutionary Test-Time Learning for Self-Improving Agentic Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (ICLR'26_10) CoT-Evo: Evolutionary Distillation of CoT for Scientific Reasoning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_10) RareAgent: Self-Evolving Reasoning for Drug Repurposing in Rare Diseases [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_10) Doctor-R1: Mastering Clinical Inquiry with Experiential Agentic Reinforcement Learning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (ICLR'26_09) KnowGuard: Knowledge-Driven Abstention for Multi-Round Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_09) MedLA: A Logic-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Complex Medical Reasoning with Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_09) A Co-evolving Agentic AI System for Medical Imaging Analysis (TissueLab) [📝 Paper] [🖥️ Platform]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_09) MACD: Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis with Self-Learned Knowledge for LLM [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_09) Evaluation of Causal Reasoning for Large Language Models in Contextualized Clinical Scenarios of Laboratory Test Interpretation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_09) Evolving-RL: End-to-End Optimization of Experience-Driven Self-Evolving Capability [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·D] (medRxiv'25_08) Automation Bias in Large Language Model Assisted Diagnostic Reasoning Among AI-Trained Physicians [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_08) HealthFlow: A Self-Evolving AI Agent with Meta Planning for Autonomous Healthcare Research [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) Integrating Dynamical Systems Learning with Foundational Models: A Meta-Evolutionary AI Framework for Clinical Trials [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_06) Language Agents for Hypothesis-driven Clinical Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) CounselBench: A Large-Scale Expert Evaluation and Adversarial Benchmarking of Large Language Models in Mental Health Question Answering [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) Agentomics-ML: Autonomous Machine Learning Experimentation Agent for Genomic and Transcriptomic Data [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) MedAgentGym: A Scalable Agentic Training Environment for Code-Centric Reasoning in Biomedical Data Science [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_06) MMedAgent-RL: Optimizing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Multimodal Medical Reasoning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_05) Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_05) MedSentry: Understanding and Mitigating Safety Risks in Medical LLM Multi-Agent Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_05) DoctorAgent-RL: A Multi-Agent Collaborative Reinforcement Learning System for Multi-Turn Clinical Dialogue [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_05) Nature's Insight: A Novel Framework and Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning Through the Lens of Neuroscience [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (MICCAI'25_03) MedAgentSim: Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Simulations for Realistic Clinical Interactions [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_03) MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MAP: Evaluation and Multi-Agent Enhancement of Large Language Models for Inpatient Pathways [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_02) PathFinder: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent System for Medical Diagnostic Decision-Making Applied to Histopathology [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_02) EvoAgent: Self-evolving Agent with Continual World Model for Long-Horizon Tasks [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (NeurIPS'25) SiriuS: Self-improving Multi-agent Systems via Bootstrapped Reasoning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (EMNLP'25 Demo) EvoAgentX: An Automated Framework for Evolving Agentic Workflows [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (IJISAE'25) Self-Evolving LLM Ecosystems for Precision Medicine [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (Advanced Science'25) Autonomous Self-Evolving Research on Biomedical Data: The DREAM Paradigm [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (IEEE ICASSP'25) SeM-Agents: A Self-Evolving Framework for Multi-Agent Medical Consultation Based on Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (NeurIPS'25 Workshop) HealthAlign-Agents: Self-Play Reflective Prompting for Culturally Aligned Health Communication in Low-Resource Languages [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_12) KG4Diagnosis: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Knowledge Graph Enhancement for Medical Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_10) Adaptive Reasoning and Acting in Medical Language Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'24_09) Depression Diagnosis Dialogue Simulation: Self-improving Psychiatrist with Tertiary Memory [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) AgentClinic: A Multimodal Agent Benchmark to Evaluate AI in Simulated Clinical Environments [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ACM-BCB'24_04) ClinicalAgent: Clinical Trial Multi-Agent System with LLM-based Reasoning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24) Towards Conversational Diagnostic AI (AMIE) [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'23_12) ReST meets ReAct: Self-Improvement for Multi-Step Reasoning LLM Agent [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'23_06) SELFEVOLVE: A Code Evolution Framework via Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
Entries in this section are tagged
[Related·D]by default (surveys & perspectives). See Tags for definitions.
-
[Related·D] (npj AI'26) AI agent in healthcare: applications, evaluations, and future directions [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_05) Beyond Individual Intelligence: Surveying Collaboration, Failure Attribution, and Self-Evolution in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (J. Med. Syst.'26) When Chatbots Become Agents: The Next Phase of Healthcare AI [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_02) Agentic AI in Healthcare & Medicine: A Seven-Dimensional Taxonomy for Empirical Evaluation of LLM-based Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_05) An Empirical Study of Agent Skills for Healthcare: Practice, Gaps, and Governance [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (medRxiv'26_04) Artificial Intelligence Agents in Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (CEEM'26) From Non-Agentic LLMs to Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'25_08) A Comprehensive Survey of Self-Evolving AI Agents: A New Paradigm Bridging Foundation Models and Lifelong Agentic Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'25_07) A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligence [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'25_05) Nature's Insight: A Novel Framework and Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning Through the Lens of Neuroscience [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·D] (Comput Methods Programs Biomed'23) A Survey on Agents Applications in Healthcare: Opportunities, Challenges and Trends [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (J. Med. Syst.'16) A Systematic Literature Review of Agents Applied in Healthcare [📝 Paper] [Scopus]
-
[Related·D] (Int. J. Med. Inf.'10) Agents applied in health care: A review [📝 Paper] [PubMed]
Entries in historical sections use tag
[Related·E]. See Tags.
Representative software-agent / multi-agent work targeting clinical information systems, telecare, hospital workflows, guideline enactment, or surveillance, with first publication in 2002–2008 (aligned with the literature window in Isern & Sánchez & Moreno, Int. J. Med. Inf., 2010).
Not listed here (typical reasons): general agent theory or MAS textbooks without a medical deployment (#1, #6–7, #38–40, #50); AI-in-medicine position pieces or surveys dated 2009 (#5); agent papers dated 2009 (#24 HealthAgents journal article, #54 interoperability survey); non-agent-centric bioinformatics reviews (#17); classic ICMAS 1998 hospital scheduling (#9); incomplete / venue-unclear lines in the source list (#16).
-
[Related·E] (Birkhäuser'03) Applications of Software Agent Technology in the Health Care Domain [📝 Book]
-
[Related·E] (PDCAT'04) Architecture of Agent-Based Healthcare Intelligent Assistant on Grid Environment [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (TELECARE'04) Aingeru: an Innovating System for Tele Assistance of Elderly People [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Appl. Intell.'04) UCTx: A Multi-Agent System to Assist a Transplant Coordination Unit [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (ISMIS'05) An Intelligent System for Assisting Elderly People [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (AI Commun.'05) Integration of hospital data using agent technologies: A case study [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (AI Commun.'05) Agent-based ambient intelligence for healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (SGAI'05) Web-based Medical Teaching using a Multi-Agent System [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Trans. IT Biomed.'05) A multiagent system enhancing home-care health services for chronic disease management [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'06) Secure integration of distributed medical data using mobile agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'06) Privacy-aware autonomous agents for pervasive healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'06) Increasing Human-Organ Transplant Availability: Argumentation-Based Agent Deliberation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Stud. Comput. Intell.'07) Assistive Wheelchair Navigation: A Cognitive View [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (CEEMAS'07) HeCaSe2: A Multi-agent Ontology-Driven Guideline Enactment Engine [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (KES-AMSTA'07) Mobile Agents Using Data Mining for Diagnosis Support in Ubiquitous Healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (AIME'07) Adaptive Optimization of Hospital Resource Calendars [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Med. Inf.'07) Towards patient-related information needs [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Artificial Intelligence in Medicine'08) A cognitive architecture for robot self-consciousness [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Med. Inf.'08) Computer-based execution of clinical guidelines: A review [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'08) GerAmI: Improving Healthcare Delivery in Geriatric Residences [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Birkhäuser'08) Agent Technology and e-Health [📝 Book]
-
[Related·E] (AAMAS Industry'08) Agent-based patient admission scheduling in hospitals [📝 Paper]
Software-agent / multi-agent systems for care delivery, health IT integration, telehealth, AAL, or clinical decision support, with first publication in 2009–2014.
Excluded from this block (per repository curation): epidemic/biological ABM and borderline platform-only papers; see Curation scope under Contributing.
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) A multi-agent care system to support independent living [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Intell. Inf. Syst.'14) OBCAS: an agent-based system and ontology for mobile context aware interactions [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) Abductive agents for human activity monitoring [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) Agent-based reasoning in medical planning and diagnosis combining multiple strategies [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) Towards a simulator of integrated long-term care systems for elderly people [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'14) Designing an architectural style for dynamic medical cross-organizational workflow management system: an approach based on agents and web services [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (ISCON'14) Architectural design of a multi agent enterprise knowledge management system (MAEKMS) for e-health [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'14) The next generation of interoperability agents in healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Procedia Technol.'14) Healthcare interoperability through intelligent agent technology [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (PAAMS'14) Assessment of agent architectures for telehealth [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJMLC'14) Multi-agent decision-making support model for the management of pre-hospital emergency services [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Stud. Comput. Intell.'14) Negotiation-based patient scheduling in hospitals — reengineering message-based interactions with services [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Simul. Process Model.'14) Evaluating policies using agent-based simulations: investigating policies for continuity of care [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) Secure P2P cross-community health record exchange in IHE compatible systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) Editorial: special issue on new perspectives on the use of agents in health care [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'14) A mobile multi-agent information system for ubiquitous fetal monitoring [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJAIT'14) A push-based agent communication model empowering assistive technologies [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (JAISE'13) COMMODITY12: a smart e-health environment for diabetes management [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Comput. Biol. Med.'13) The self-aware diabetic patient software agent model [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Inf. Sci.'13) Integrating hardware agents into an enhanced multi-agent architecture for ambient intelligence systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Procedia Comput. Sci.'13) Agent based health monitoring of elderly people in indoor environments using wireless sensor networks [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst.'13) I can help you change! An empathic virtual agent delivers behavior change health interventions [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Procedia Comput. Sci.'13) Using an agent-based simulation for predicting the effects of patients derivation policies in emergency departments [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Comput. Biol. Med.'13) Formal specification and analysis of intelligent agents for model-based medicine usage management [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Inf. Sci.'13) Context-aware multi-agent planning in intelligent environments [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Pers. Ubiquitous Comput.'13) Self-configuring agents for ambient assisted living applications [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Intell. Syst. Technol. Appl.'13) Agent-based communication systems for elders using a reminiscence therapy [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'13) Secure mobile agent for telemedicine based on P2P networks [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IJSEIA'13) An efficient multi-agent system for e-health functionalities
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) A mobile agent approach for secure integrated medical information systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) Implementing an integrative multi-agent clinical decision support system with open source software [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) A study on agent-based secure scheme for electronic medical record system [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) Secure communication of medical information using mobile agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) Mobile agent application and integration in electronic anamnesis system [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'12) Deployment of secure mobile agents for medical information systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Artif. Intell. Med.'12) Inconsistency as a diagnostic tool in a society of intelligent agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed.'12) Optimizing medical data quality based on multiagent web service framework [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Adv. Sci. Lett.'12) Construction of real-time weight control intelligent recommendation system using multi-agent mechanism [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Expert Syst. Appl.'12) Multi-agent ontology-based Web 2.0 platform for medical rehabilitation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (CISTI'12) Improving expressiveness of agents using openEHR to retrieve multi-institutional health data: feeding local repositories through HL7 based providers
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.'11) Integration of the HL7 standard in a multiagent system to support personalized access to e-health services [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Procedia Comput. Sci.'11) An agent-based decision support system for hospitals emergency departments [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (SUComS'11) Agent based approach in accessing distributed health care services [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (EIDWT'11) Designing and implementing intelligent agents for e-health [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'11) Distributed agent based interoperable virtual EMR system for healthcare system integration [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Appl. Soft Comput.'11) JADE implemented mobile multi-agent based, distributed information platform for pervasive health care monitoring [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Eng. Bus. Manag.'11) Building distributed E-healthcare for elderly using RFID and multi-agent [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. E-Health Med. Commun.'10) Developing smart emergency applications with multi-agent systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput.'10) Ontology-based multi-agents for intelligent healthcare applications [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed.'10) A distributed, collaborative intelligent agent system approach for proactive postmarketing drug safety surveillance [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'10) An artificial urban healthcare system and applications [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika'10) Multi-agent-based human computer interaction of E-health care system for people with movement disabilities [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (JAISE'10) An integrative ambient agent model for unipolar depression relapse prevention [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Univers. Comput. Sci.'10) An agent-based architecture for developing activity-aware systems for assisting elderly [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IGI Global book chapter'10) A multi-agent simulation of kidney function for medical education [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IGI Global book chapter'10) Operating room simulation and agent-based optimization [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging'09) User-agent cooperation in multiagent IVUS image segmentation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Telemed. Appl.'09) Enhancing E-health information systems with agent technology [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf.'09) Agent-services and mobile agents for an integrated HCIS [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (FUZZ-IEEE'09) Intelligent ontological multi-agent for healthy diet planning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Appl. Intell.'09) HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Expert Syst. Appl.'09) Modeling and implementing an agent-based environmental health impact decision support system [📝 Paper]
- [Related·E] (UAB PhD Thesis'14) Agent based virtual electronic patient record: from intra to inter-institution data integration
Software-agent / multi-agent systems for care delivery, clinical decision support, telehealth, or ambient assisted living, with first publication in 2015-2022 — this block adds Crossref DOI–verified agent-for-healthcare applications complementing the year windows above.
Excluded (same curation policy): epidemic/biological ABM and platform-only papers without care-oriented agent behavior; see Curation scope under Contributing.
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'21) Cohort and Trajectory Analysis in Multi-Agent Support Systems for Cancer Survivors [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Access'21) A Multi-Agent Approach for Personalized Hypertension Risk Prediction [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'20) On the Integration of Agents and Digital Twins in Healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'20) Agent-oriented Decision Support System for Business Processes Management with Genetic Algorithm Optimization: an Application in Healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Simul. Model. Pract. Theory'19) Agent-based dynamic optimization for managing the workflow of the patient's pathway [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Artif. Intell. Med.'19) Personalized conciliation of clinical guidelines for comorbid patients through multi-agent planning [📝 Paper]
- [Related·E] (Telemat. Inform.'18) Developing a multi-agent platform supporting patient hospital stays following a socio-technical approach: Management and governance benefits [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'17) A Therapy System for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using a Virtual Agent and Virtual Storytelling to Reconstruct Traumatic Memories [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Simul. Model. Pract. Theory'17) A multi-agent system based on reactive decision rules for solving the caregiver routing problem in home health care [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Biomed. Inform.'16) Agents endowed with uncertainty management behaviors to solve a multiskill healthcare task scheduling [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Decis. Support Syst.'16) A multi-agent system to support evidence based medicine and clinical decision making via data sharing and data privacy [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Syst. Softw.'16) A model-driven approach for constructing ambient assisted-living multi-agent systems customized for Parkinson patients [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (IEEE Intell. Syst.'15) Engineering ambient intelligence systems using agent technology [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (Inf. Syst. Front.'15) OptiPres: a distributed mobile agent decision support system for optimal patient drug prescription [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'15) Using Semantic Components to Represent Dynamics of an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team in a Multi-Agent Decision Support System [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·E] (J. Med. Syst.'15) Development of a Multi-Agent m-Health Application Based on Various Protocols for Chronic Disease Self-Management [📝 Paper]
- [Related·E] (Birkhäuser WSST book ch.'08) SAPHIRE: A Multi-Agent System for Remote Healthcare Monitoring through Computerized Clinical Guidelines [📝 Paper]
A complementary topic-wise view. Some papers appear in multiple categories. Each entry carries the same
[Core]/[Related·X]tag as in the time-ordered list (see Tags).
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) MediHive: A Decentralized Agent Collective for Medical Question Answering [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) SkinGPT-X: A Self-Evolving Collaborative Multi-Agent System for Transparent and Trustworthy Dermatological Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_01) Towards Conversational Diagnostic AI (AMIE) [📝 Paper] [Nature] [🌐 Google Research]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_12) KG4Diagnosis: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Knowledge Graph Enhancement for Medical Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_10) Adaptive Reasoning and Acting in Medical Language Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) AgentClinic: A Multimodal Agent Benchmark to Evaluate AI in Simulated Clinical Environments [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) PhysicianBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Real-World EHR Environments [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) Healthcare AI GYM for Medical Agents [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) CarePilot: A Multi-Agent Framework for Long-Horizon Computer Task Automation in Healthcare [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) A Versatile AI Agent for Rare Disease Diagnosis and Risk Gene Prioritization [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_02) Closing Reasoning Gaps in Clinical Agents with Differential Reasoning Learning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) CuraView: A Multi-Agent Framework for Medical Hallucination Detection with GraphRAG-Enhanced Knowledge Verification [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) One Panel Does Not Fit All: Case-Adaptive Multi-Agent Deliberation for Clinical Prediction (CAMP) [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Joint Optimization of Reasoning and Dual-Memory for Self-Learning Diagnostic Agent [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) LungCURE: Benchmarking Multimodal Real-World Clinical Reasoning for Precision Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic Clinical Reasoning over Longitudinal Myeloma Records: A Retrospective Evaluation Against Expert Consensus [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SymptomWise: A Deterministic Reasoning Layer for Reliable and Efficient AI Systems [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Doctorina MedBench: End-to-End Evaluation of Agent-Based Medical AI [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SEA-Eval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Self-Evolving Agents Beyond Episodic Assessment [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) QuarkMedSearch: A Long-Horizon Deep Search Agent for Exploring Medical Intelligence [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Can LLMs Score Medical Diagnoses and Clinical Reasoning as well as Expert Panels? [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Can Large Language Models Self-Correct in Medical Question Answering? An Exploratory Study [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) From Exposure to Internalization: Dual-Stream Calibration for In-context Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) GSEM: Graph-based Self-Evolving Memory for Experience Augmented Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Improving Clinical Diagnosis with Counterfactual Multi-Agent Reasoning [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ACL'26_04) Dialectic-Med: Mitigating Diagnostic Hallucinations via Counterfactual Adversarial Multi-Agent Debate [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (Health Inf Sci Syst'26) Enhancing LLM-based medical decision-making by test-time knowledge acquisition [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselor [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_01) EvoClinician: A Self-Evolving Agent for Multi-Turn Medical Diagnosis via Test-Time Evolutionary Learning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Med-Evo: Test-time Self-evolution for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (npj Digital Medicine'26) EvoMDT: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Structured Clinical Decision-Making in Multi-Cancer [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_10) Evolving Diagnostic Agents in a Virtual Clinical Environment [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (IEEE ICASSP'25) SeM-Agents: A Self-Evolving Framework for Multi-Agent Medical Consultation Based on Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_09) MACD: Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis with Self-Learned Knowledge for LLM [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_03) MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MAP: Evaluation and Multi-Agent Enhancement of Large Language Models for Inpatient Pathways [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_02) PathFinder: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent System for Medical Diagnostic Decision-Making Applied to Histopathology [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_05) NeuroAgent: LLM Agents for Multimodal Neuroimaging Analysis and Research [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) NeuroClaw Technical Report: Closed-Loop Agentic AI for Executable and Reproducible Neuroimaging Research [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) MedSynapse-V: Bridging Visual Perception and Clinical Intuition via Latent Memory Evolution [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·C] (arXiv'26_03) How Well Do Multimodal Models Reason on ECG Signals? [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) BAAI Cardiac Agent: An intelligent multimodal agent for automated reasoning and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) TheraAgent: Multi-Agent Framework with Self-Evolving Memory and Evidence-Calibrated Reasoning for PET Theranostics [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) EviAgent: Evidence-Driven Agent for Radiology Report Generation [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) RadAgent: A Tool-Using AI Agent for Stepwise Interpretation of Chest Computed Tomography [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Seeing Through Experts' Eyes: A Foundational Vision Language Model Trained on Radiologists' Gaze and Reasoning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Enhancing Reinforcement Learning for Radiology Report Generation with Evidence-aware Rewards and Self-correcting Preference Learning [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) XrayClaw: Cooperative-Competitive Multi-Agent Alignment for Trustworthy Chest X-ray Diagnosis [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Evidence-Based Actor-Verifier Reasoning for Echocardiographic Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Med-Evo: Test-time Self-evolution for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) Evolving Medical Imaging Agents via Experience-driven Self-skill Discovery (MACRO) [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) CAMYLA: Scaling Autonomous Research in Medical Image Segmentation [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_01) IBISAgent: Reinforcing Pixel-Level Visual Reasoning in MLLMs for Universal Biomedical Object Referring and Segmentation [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_01) Route, Retrieve, Reflect, Repair (R⁴): Self-Improving Agentic Framework for Visual Detection and Linguistic Reasoning in Medical Imaging [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_09) A Co-evolving Agentic AI System for Medical Imaging Analysis (TissueLab) [📝 Paper] [🖥️ Platform]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_03) MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_02) PathFinder: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent System for Medical Diagnostic Decision-Making Applied to Histopathology [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) OpenHospital: A Thing-in-itself Arena for Evolving and Benchmarking LLM-based Collective Intelligence [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) EMSDialog: Synthetic Multi-person Emergency Medical Service Dialogue Generation from Electronic Patient Care Reports via Multi-LLM Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (CEEM'26) From Non-Agentic LLMs to Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_10) Evolving Diagnostic Agents in a Virtual Clinical Environment [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (MICCAI'25_03) MedAgentSim: Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Simulations for Realistic Clinical Interactions [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) AgentClinic: A Multimodal Agent Benchmark to Evaluate AI in Simulated Clinical Environments [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (AACR Annual Meeting'26) Agentic AI as the Cancer Researcher: Autonomous Discovery in Oncology [🌐 Program]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) Agentomics-ML: Autonomous Machine Learning Experimentation Agent for Genomic and Transcriptomic Data [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) A Versatile AI Agent for Rare Disease Diagnosis and Risk Gene Prioritization [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (bioRxiv'26_04) A Unified Agent-Enabled Platform for Drug Repurposing across Molecular, Phenotypic, and Clinical Scales [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) From Clinical Intent to Clinical Model: An Autonomous Coding-Agent Framework for Clinician-driven AI Development [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Self-evolving AI agents for protein discovery and directed evolution [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (Nature Biomedical Engineering'26) BioMedAgent: A Self-Evolving LLM Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous, Tool-Aware Biomedical Data Analyses [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) QuarkMedSearch: A Long-Horizon Deep Search Agent for Exploring Medical Intelligence [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) CARIS: Coding-Free and Privacy-Preserving MCP Framework for Clinical Agentic Research Intelligence System [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) FastOMOP: A Foundational Architecture for Reliable Agentic Real-World Evidence Generation on OMOP CDM Data [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_02) PantheonOS: An Evolvable Multi-Agent Framework for Automatic Genomics Discovery [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) MAT-Cell: A Multi-Agent Tree-Structured Reasoning Framework for Batch-Level Single-Cell Annotation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) MDAgent: A Multi-Agent Framework for End-to-End Molecular Dynamics Research [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) AblateCell: A Reproduce-then-Ablate Agent for Virtual Cell Repositories [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_01) Agentomics: An Agentic System that Autonomously Develops Novel State-of-the-art Solutions for Biomedical Machine Learning Tasks [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic AI Platforms for Autonomous Training and Rule Induction of Human-Human and Virus-Human Protein-Protein Interactions [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_06) OriGene: A Self-Evolving Virtual Disease Biologist Automating Therapeutic Target Discovery [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (bioRxiv'26_07) STELLA: Towards a Biomedical World Model with Self-Evolving Multimodal Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_08) HealthFlow: A Self-Evolving AI Agent with Meta Planning for Autonomous Healthcare Research [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) MedAgentGym: A Scalable Agentic Training Environment for Code-Centric Reasoning in Biomedical Data Science [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (bioRxiv'25_10) LabOS: The AI-XR Co-Scientist That Sees and Works With Humans [📝 Paper] [💻 Code] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_10) RareAgent: Self-Evolving Reasoning for Drug Repurposing in Rare Diseases [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Constraint-Aware Corrective Memory for Language-Based Drug Discovery Agents (CACM) [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (Advanced Science'25) Autonomous Self-Evolving Research on Biomedical Data: The DREAM Paradigm [📝 Paper]
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[Related·A] (IJISAE'25) Self-Evolving LLM Ecosystems for Precision Medicine [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Symphony for Medical Coding: A Next-Generation Agentic System for Scalable and Explainable Medical Coding [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (Cambridge Open Engage'26) Artificial Epidemiology: How Self-Evolving Clinical AI Manufactures Disease Prevalence from Administrative Coding Artifacts [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) Agentic AI for Clinical Urgency Mapping and Queue Optimization in High-Volume Outpatient Departments: A Simulation-Based Evaluation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_01) ClinicalReTrial: A Self-Evolving AI Agent for Clinical Trial Protocol Optimization [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (ACM-BCB'24_04) ClinicalAgent: Clinical Trial Multi-Agent System with LLM-based Reasoning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (npj Digital Medicine'26) EvoMDT: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Structured Clinical Decision-Making in Multi-Cancer [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Development, Evaluation, and Deployment of a Multi-Agent System for Thoracic Tumor Board [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) Evo-MedAgent: Beyond One-Shot Diagnosis with Agents That Remember, Reflect, and Improve [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) TheraAgent: Self-Improving Therapeutic Agent for Precise and Comprehensive Treatment Planning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Multi-Agent Decision-Focused Learning via Value-Aware Sequential Communication (SeqComm-DFL) [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) Integrating Dynamical Systems Learning with Foundational Models: A Meta-Evolutionary AI Framework for Clinical Trials [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_03) MAP: Evaluation and Multi-Agent Enhancement of Large Language Models for Inpatient Pathways [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (J. Med. Syst.'26) When Chatbots Become Agents: The Next Phase of Healthcare AI [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) A Safety-Aware Role-Orchestrated Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Behavioral Health Communication Simulation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_04) PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselor [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (NeurIPS'25 Workshop) HealthAlign-Agents: Self-Play Reflective Prompting for Culturally Aligned Health Communication in Low-Resource Languages [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'25_06) CounselBench: A Large-Scale Expert Evaluation and Adversarial Benchmarking of Large Language Models in Mental Health Question Answering [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'24_09) Depression Diagnosis Dialogue Simulation: Self-improving Psychiatrist with Tertiary Memory [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) Perfecting Human–AI Interaction at Clinical Scale: Turning Production Signals into Safer, More Human Conversations [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·C] (arXiv'26_04) Rethinking Patient Education as Multi-turn Multi-modal Interaction [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) Virtual Speech Therapist: A Clinician-in-the-Loop AI Speech Therapy Agent for Personalized and Supervised Therapy [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (Cambridge Open Engage'26) Artificial Epidemiology: How Self-Evolving Clinical AI Manufactures Disease Prevalence from Administrative Coding Artifacts [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) CARE: Privacy-Compliant Agentic Reasoning with Evidence Discordance [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'25_05) MedSentry: Understanding and Mitigating Safety Risks in Medical LLM Multi-Agent Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_05) CuraView: A Multi-Agent Framework for Medical Hallucination Detection with GraphRAG-Enhanced Knowledge Verification [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_04) A Safety-Aware Role-Orchestrated Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Behavioral Health Communication Simulation [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_02) The Doctor Will (Still) See You Now: On the Structural Limits of Agentic AI in Healthcare [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_02) Agentic AI, Medical Morality, and the Transformation of the Clinic [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (arXiv'26_04) Grounding Clinical AI Competency in Human Cognition Through the Clinical World Model and Skill-Mix Framework [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (medRxiv'26_04) Dissecting clinical reasoning failures in frontier artificial intelligence using 10,000 synthetic cases [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·D] (medRxiv'26_04) HAARF: Healthcare AI Agents Regulatory Framework [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·D] (medRxiv'25_08) Automation Bias in Large Language Model Assisted Diagnostic Reasoning Among AI-Trained Physicians [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Meta-Harness: End-to-End Optimization of Model Harnesses [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) ARA: Agentic Reproducibility Assessment for Scalable Support of Scientific Peer-Review [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) MemTier: Tiered Memory Architecture and Retrieval Bottleneck Analysis for Long-Running Autonomous AI Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_05) SkillOS: Learning Skill Curation for Self-Evolving Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_05) Nature's Insight: A Novel Framework and Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning Through the Lens of Neuroscience [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Autogenesis: A Self-Evolving Agent Protocol [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) A Self-Evolving Framework for Efficient Terminal Agents via Observational Context Compression [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (ACL'26_04) From Experience to Skill: Multi-Agent Generative Engine Optimization via Reusable Strategy Learning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Co-Evolving LLM Decision and Skill Bank Agents for Long-Horizon Tasks [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) AEL: Agent Evolving Learning for Open-Ended Environments [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) GenericAgent: A Token-Efficient Self-Evolving LLM Agent via Contextual Information Density Maximization [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26) MAGE: Multi-Agent Self-Evolution with Co-Evolutionary Knowledge Graphs [🌐 arXiv]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_09) Evolving-RL: End-to-End Optimization of Experience-Driven Self-Evolving Capability [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (GitHub'26) NanoResearch: Co-Evolving Skills, Memory, and Policy for Personalized Research Automation [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) SkillEvolver: Dynamic Skill Lifecycle Management for Agentic RL [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) AgentFactory: A Self-Evolving Framework Through Executable Subagent Accumulation and Reuse [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_02) S1-NexusAgent: a Self-Evolving Agent Framework for Multidisciplinary Scientific Research [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'26_03) OpenHospital: A Thing-in-itself Arena for Evolving and Benchmarking LLM-based Collective Intelligence [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Mem^2Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Core] (arXiv'24_05) AgentClinic: A Multimodal Agent Benchmark to Evaluate AI in Simulated Clinical Environments [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SEA-Eval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Self-Evolving Agents Beyond Episodic Assessment [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·B] (bioRxiv'26_02) PantheonOS: An Evolvable Multi-Agent Framework for Automatic Genomics Discovery [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (Nature Biomedical Engineering'26) BioMedAgent: A Self-Evolving LLM Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous, Tool-Aware Biomedical Data Analyses [📝 Paper] [🌐 Project] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (arXiv'26_03) GSEM: Graph-based Self-Evolving Memory for Experience Augmented Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (GitHub'26) EverOS: Build, evaluate, and integrate long-term memory for self-evolving agents [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) MemMA: Coordinating the Memory Cycle through Multi-Agent Reasoning and In-Situ Self-Evolution [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Multi-Agent Decision-Focused Learning via Value-Aware Sequential Communication (SeqComm-DFL) [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SKILLFOUNDRY: Building Self-Evolving Agent Skill Libraries from Heterogeneous Scientific Resources [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) Skill Retrieval Augmentation for Agentic AI [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) ClawTrace: Cost-Aware Tracing for LLM Agent Skill Distillation [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) CORAL: Towards Autonomous Multi-Agent Evolution for Open-Ended Discovery [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_04) SEARL: Joint Optimization of Policy and Tool Graph Memory for Self-Evolving Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'26_03) Cognitive Friction: A Decision-Theoretic Framework for Bounded Deliberation in Tool-Using Agents [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (ICLR'26_10) CoT-Evo: Evolutionary Distillation of CoT for Scientific Reasoning [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (ICLR'26_10) EvoTest: Evolutionary Test-Time Learning for Self-Improving Agentic Systems [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_10) Doctor-R1: Mastering Clinical Inquiry with Experiential Agentic Reinforcement Learning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_06) MMedAgent-RL: Optimizing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Multimodal Medical Reasoning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR]
-
[Core] (ICLR'26_06) Language Agents for Hypothesis-driven Clinical Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·B] (ICLR'26_09) KnowGuard: Knowledge-Driven Abstention for Multi-Round Clinical Reasoning [📝 Paper] [🌐 ICLR] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (ICLR'26 Rejected) SkillEvo: An Experience Learning Framework with Reinforcement Learning for Skill Evolution [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (EMNLP'25 Demo) EvoAgentX: An Automated Framework for Evolving Agentic Workflows [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'25_02) EvoAgent: Self-evolving Agent with Continual World Model for Long-Horizon Tasks [📝 Paper] [💻 Code]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'23_12) ReST meets ReAct: Self-Improvement for Multi-Step Reasoning LLM Agent [📝 Paper]
-
[Related·A] (arXiv'23_06) SELFEVOLVE: A Code Evolution Framework via Large Language Models [📝 Paper]
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MaxHermes (MiniMax M2.7) Personal AI agent on the MiniMax Agent platform (“grows with you” companion positioning). [🌐 Project]
-
Awesome-Self-Evolving-Agents A comprehensive collection of self-evolving AI agents across general domains. [💻 Repository]
-
Awesome-World-Models-for-Healthcare A curated collection of world models for healthcare. [💻 Repository]
Your contributions are always welcome! Please contact Zhihao Peng or Cheng Wang.
If you find any relevant papers, codebases, benchmarks, or project pages on self-evolving AI for agentic healthcare—including LLM / multi-agent clinical systems, adaptation and memory, multimodal and medical VLM when tied to care workflows, and harnessing (evaluation, safety, orchestration)—feel free to:
- open an Issue
- submit a Pull Request
Suggested format:
- [Core] (*Venue'YY_MM*) **Paper Title** [[📝 Paper](link)] [[💻 Code](link)]
- [Related·B] (*Venue'YY*) **Paper Title** [[📝 Paper](link)]Use [Core] when the paper fits the primary list scope; otherwise choose [Related·A]–[Related·E] per Tags.
Use two-digit YY (e.g. 26 for 2026). Add _MM (month from arXiv id or preprint URL) only when it can be inferred; otherwise keep (*Venue'YY*) without _MM.
Please try to keep the formatting consistent with the existing entries. Prefer an arxiv.org/abs/YYMM.NNNNN (or pdf/) link when available so entries sort correctly by month. After a batch of additions, run python scripts/tag_readme_scope.py from the repo root to apply or refresh scope tags.
In scope: software agents, multi-agent systems, mobile agents, or LLM-based agents applied to clinical workflows, hospitals, telehealth, EMR/EHR integration, ambient assisted living with an explicit agent architecture, and similar care-delivery or health-informatics settings.
If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to contact us via: