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Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux is vulnerable to Expression Language Injection

High severity GitHub Reviewed Published Oct 16, 2025 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Feb 19, 2026

Package

maven org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server (Maven)

Affected versions

>= 4.3.0, < 4.3.2
>= 4.2.0, < 4.2.6
>= 4.0.0, <= 4.1.9
<= 3.1.10

Patched versions

4.3.2
4.2.6

Description

The following versions of Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux may be vulnerable to the ability to expose environment variables and system properties to attackers.

An application should be considered vulnerable when all the following are true:

  • The application is using Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux (Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebMVC is not vulnerable).
  • An admin or untrusted third party using Spring Expression Language (SpEL) to access environment variables or system properties via routes.
  • An untrusted third party could create a route that uses SpEL to access environment variables or system properties if: * The Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux actuator web endpoint is enabled via management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=gateway and management.endpoint.gateway.enabled=trueor management.endpoint.gateway.access=unrestricte.
  • The actuator endpoints are available to attackers.
  • The actuator endpoints are unsecured.

References

Published by the National Vulnerability Database Oct 16, 2025
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Oct 16, 2025
Reviewed Oct 16, 2025
Last updated Feb 19, 2026

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided by FIRST.
(11th percentile)

Weaknesses

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')

The product constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a framework such as a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed. Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

CVE-2025-41253

GHSA ID

GHSA-fwxx-wv44-7qfg

Source code

Credits

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