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@fastify/busboy vulnerable to Denial of Service via prototype-named multipart part header

High severity GitHub Reviewed Published Aug 12, 2026 in fastify/busboy • Updated Oct 2, 2026

Package

npm @fastify/busboy (npm)

Affected versions

>= 1.0.0, < 3.2.1

Patched versions

3.2.1

Description

Impact

Versions of @fastify/busboy from 1.0.0 and prior to 3.2.1 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service. The multipart header parser stores part-header names on a plain JavaScript object, so a part header named __proto__ or constructor resolves to an inherited value that is not an array, and the parser throws TypeError: this.header[h].push is not a function. Through the documented req.pipe(busboy) integration this surfaces as an error event, while direct write()/end() usage throws synchronously and can terminate the Node.js process if uncaught. The parser runs before application middleware, so any unauthenticated client that can submit multipart/form-data is affected.

Patches

Fixed in version 3.2.1.

Workarounds

Attach an error listener to the Busboy stream so the parser failure is handled rather than crashing the process, and wrap direct write()/end() calls in a try/catch. Upgrading to 3.2.1 removes the failure entirely.

References

@mcollina mcollina published to fastify/busboy Aug 12, 2026
Published by the National Vulnerability Database Aug 13, 2026
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Oct 2, 2026
Reviewed Oct 2, 2026
Last updated Oct 2, 2026

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided by FIRST.
(40th percentile)

Weaknesses

Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

The product does not check or incorrectly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the product. Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

CVE-2026-19481

GHSA ID

GHSA-x8mw-p69m-v3mx

Source code

Credits

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