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5G-SDN-Flood-Detection-Mitigation

Reference

This project is based on research presented in:

Overview

This repository contains the implementation and setup instructions for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in 5G networks using SDN-based approaches. Two approaches are provided:

  • Approach 1: OVS-Ryu (Baseline) – Uses Open vSwitch (OVS) and the RYU SDN controller for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in a 5G environment.
  • Approach 2: P4-ONOS (Optimized Solution) – Uses P4 programmable switches and the ONOS SDN controller to efficiently analyze and mitigate GTP-based flooding attacks.

This setup includes 5G Core (Open5GS), RAN simulator (UERANSIM), MongoDB for subscriber data, and SDN-based DDoS detection frameworks.

Setup Instructions

Install MongoDB

1. Import the Public Key and Add Repository

sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget gnupg -y
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org-6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

2. Install and Start MongoDB

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod

3. Update Configuration (Use Your Host IP Address)

sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf

Modify:

-  port: 27017
-  bindIp: 127.0.0.1
+  port: 27018
+  bindIp: <YOUR_HOST_IP>

Restart MongoDB:

sudo systemctl restart mongod.service

Install ONOS-P4 Dependencies

1. Install Bazel

sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl gnupg ethtool -y
curl -fsSL https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor > bazel-archive-keyring.gpg
sudo mv bazel-archive-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/bazel-archive-keyring.gpg] https://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install bazel -y

2. Install Protobuf

git clone https://github.com/adwise-fiu/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation.git
sudo apt-get install g++ git bazel
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation
cp protoc-3.20.3-linux-x86_64.zip ~/
cd
unzip protoc-3.20.3-linux-x86_64.zip
sudo mv bin/protoc /usr/local/bin/
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
protoc --version  # Should output: libprotoc 3.20.3

3. Install ONOS

sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk -y
sudo apt install maven -y
sudo apt install python3 python3-dev -y
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
wget https://github.com/opennetworkinglab/onos/archive/refs/tags/2.7.0.zip --no-check-certificate
unzip 2.7.0
mv onos-2.7.0 onos
cd onos
bazel build onos

Install and Configure P4 Stratum

1. Install Docker

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
sudo reboot

2. Install Stratum_BMV2

git clone https://github.com/stratum/stratum.git
cd stratum
bash setup_dev_env.sh
bazel build //stratum/hal/bin/bmv2:stratum_bmv2_deb
cp -f bazel-bin/stratum/hal/bin/bmv2/stratum_bmv2_deb.deb ./
sudo apt-get install -y --reinstall ./stratum_bmv2_deb.deb

Install Open vSwitch (OVS) and RYU SDN Controller (Baseline Approach)

1. Install OVS

sudo apt install openvswitch-switch -y

2. Setup OVS Gateway

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br-ovs-ryu
sudo ifconfig br-ovs-ryu 192.168.230.1/24
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.230.0/24 -o <YOUR_INTERFACE> -j MASQUERADE

3. Install RYU

sudo apt install python3-pip -y
pip install ryu requests urllib3

Setting Up Virtual Machines (VMs)

1. Install Virt-Manager

sudo apt install virt-manager -y

2. Download Ubuntu Image

wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/focal/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso

3. Create Virtual Ethernet (veth) Pairs

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation
sudo bash createveth.sh

4. Setup Virtual Machines

Recommended VM Specs:

  • CPU: 2 cores
  • RAM: 4GB
  • Disk: 35 GiB

Create the following VMs:

  • Control Plane (cp-1, cp-2)
  • User Plane (up-1, up-2)
  • gNB (gnb-1, gnb-2)
  • UE (ue-1, ue-2)

Running the 5G Environment

Start Open5GS Core Network

~/open5gs
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd &
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd &

Start User Plane (UPF)

~/open5gs
sudo ./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &

Start gNB (UERANSIM)

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/UERANSIM/
./build/nr-gnb -c config/open5gs-gnb1.yaml &

Start UE (UERANSIM)

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/UERANSIM/
./build/nr-ue -c config/open5gs-ue1.yaml &

Running DDoS Detection Approaches

Approach 1: OVS-Ryu (Baseline)

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/approach1

Approach 2: P4-ONOS (Optimized)

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/approach2

5G-SDN-Flood-Detection-Mitigation

Setup

Getting MongoDB

  • Import the public key used by the package management system.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget gnupg -y
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -
  • Create the list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list for your version of Ubuntu.
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
  • Install the MongoDB packages.
sudo apt update 
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod
  • Change the config
sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf
  • Use your host IP address*
# mongod.conf

# for documentation of all options, see:
#   http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/configuration-options/

# Where and how to store data.
storage:
  dbPath: /var/lib/mongodb
#  engine:
#  wiredTiger:

# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

# network interfaces
net:
-  port: 27017
-  bindIp: 127.0.0.1
+  port: 27018
+  bindIp: 10.102.196.198
  • Restart
sudo systemctl restart mongod.service

ONOS-P4 Dependencies

Environment: Ubuntu 20.04

Bazel

sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl gnupg ethtool -y
curl -fsSL https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor >bazel-archive-keyring.gpg
sudo mv bazel-archive-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/bazel-archive-keyring.gpg] https://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list
sudo apt install maven -y 
sudo apt update
sudo apt install bazel -y
sudo apt install bazel-3.7.2 -y

INSTALL PROTOBUF

  • Clone repo
git clone https://github.com/adwise-fiu/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation.git
sudo apt-get install g++ git bazel
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation
cp protoc-3.20.3-linux-x86_64.zip ~/
cd 
unzip protoc-3.20.3-linux-x86_64.zip
sudo mv bin/protoc /usr/local/bin/
echo $PATH
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
  • Verify protobuf version
protoc --version
libprotoc 3.20.3

Node js

sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg
NODE_MAJOR=20
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs -y

ONOS

sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk -y
echo "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64" | sudo tee -a /etc/environment
sudo apt install python3
sudo apt install python3-dev -y
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
wget https://github.com/opennetworkinglab/onos/archive/refs/tags/2.7.0.zip --no-check-certificate
unzip 2.7.0
mv onos-2.7.0 onos
cd onos
touch .bazelrc
nano .bazelrc
build --host_force_python=PY3
bazel build onos

TEST

bazel run onos-local -- [clean] [debug] | grep -iv "Unable to translate flow rule for pipeconf" | tee -a onos.log

P4-STRATUM

DOCKER

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
sudo reboot

STRATUM_BMV2

sudo apt install git -y
git clone https://github.com/stratum/stratum.git
cd stratum
bash setup_dev_env.sh 
bazel build //stratum/hal/bin/bmv2:stratum_bmv2_deb
cp -f /stratum/bazel-bin/stratum/hal/bin/bmv2/stratum_bmv2_deb.deb /stratum/

Exit the docker container

ctrl + d

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install -y --reinstall ./stratum_bmv2_deb.deb
cd

TO TEST

stratum_bmv2 \
    -chassis_config_file=/etc/stratum/chassis_config.pb.txt \
    -bmv2_log_level=debug

P4

sudo apt install curl -y 
source /etc/lsb-release
echo "deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/p4lang/xUbuntu_${DISTRIB_RELEASE}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/home:p4lang.list
curl -fsSL https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:p4lang/xUbuntu_${DISTRIB_RELEASE}/Release.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/home_p4lang.gpg > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install p4lang-p4c -y

Linux Bridge

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils -y
sudo brctl addbr br0

OVS-RYU Dependencies

Install and setup Openvswitch

  • Install OVS

OVS is an SDN switch that will allow the communication between the VMs designated for the 5G environment.

sudo apt install openvswitch-switch -y

Setup OVS to behave as a gateway for the VMs

  • Create the switch
sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br-ovs-ryu
  • Add IP to the switch and update the NAT tables

RUN THIS EVERY TIME YOU REBOOT THE MACHINE

sudo apt install net-tools -y 
sudo ifconfig br-ovs-ryu 192.168.230.1/24 
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.230.0/24 -o enp0s25 -j MASQUERADE
  • Add the ports
sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ovs-ryu cp-1 -- set Interface cp-1 type=internal
sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ovs-ryu up-1 -- set Interface up-1 type=internal
sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ovs-ryu ue-1 -- set Interface ue-1 type=internal
sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ovs-ryu gnb-1 -- set Interface gnb-1 type=internal

RYU

sudo apt install python3-pip -y
source myenv/bin/activate 
pip install ryu requests urllib3
sudo pip install ryu 
sudo pip uninstall eventlet -y
sudo pip install eventlet==0.20.0
  • Verify installation
ryu-manager
~$ ryu-manager
loading app ryu.controller.ofp_handler
instantiating app ryu.controller.ofp_handler of OFPHandler

Setup VMs

Install Virt-manager

sudo apt install virt-manager -y

Install Linux bridge

sudo apt install bridge-utils -y

Download the Ubuntu VM

wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/focal/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso

Create the Veth pairs

cd 5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation
sudo bash createveth.sh
sudo brctl addif br0 veth11
sudo ip addr add 192.168.235.1/24 dev br0
sudo ip link set dev br0 up
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.235.0/24 ! -o enp1s0 -j MASQUERADE

Create a VM

sudo virt-manager

VM details

CPU: 2 RAM: 4GB Disk: 35 GiB

Create VM using GUI

  • Click on create a new virtual machine button*

Follow the following selections

Image description

Image description

Image description

Image description

Image description

Image description

Do the same for the other vms:

  • cp-1
  • up-1
  • gnb-1
  • ue-1
  • cp-2
  • up-2
  • gnb-2
  • ue-2

Complete the ubuntu setup for all the machines using the GUI

Create VM using CLI

Approach 1
  • cp-1
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name cp-1 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/cp-1.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=cp-1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=cp-1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso &
  • up-1
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name up-1 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/up-1.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=up-1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso &
  • gnb-1
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name gnb-1 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/gnb-1.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=gnb-1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso  &
  • ue-1
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name ue-1 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ue-1.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=ue-1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso  &
Approach 2
  • cp-2
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name cp-2 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/cp-2.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=veth1,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=veth3,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso &
  • up-2
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name up-2 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/up-2.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=veth5,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso &
  • gnb-2
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name gnb-2 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/gnb-2.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=veth7,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso  &
  • ue-2
USERNAME=$(whoami)
sudo virt-install \
  --name ue-2 \
  --ram 4096 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --cpu IvyBridge-IBRS \
  --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ue-2.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=30 \
  --os-type linux \
  --os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
  --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio \
--network type=direct,source=veth9,source_mode=bridge,model=virtio \
  --graphics spice \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --cdrom /home/$USERNAME/ubuntu-20.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso  &

Install dependencies

  • Run the following commands
sudo apt update; sudo apt install openssh-server -y ; sudo apt upgrade -y ; sudo apt install net-tools -y

Create snapshots

sudo virsh snapshot-create cp-1 ; sudo virsh snapshot-create cp-2 ; sudo virsh snapshot-create up-1 ; sudo virsh snapshot-create up-2; sudo virsh snapshot-create gnb-1 ; sudo virsh snapshot-create gnb-2; sudo virsh snapshot-create ue-1 ; sudo virsh snapshot-create ue-2 ;

Generate ssh scripts

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/ssh_scripts
sudo chmod +x generate_ssh.sh

5G environment

Open5GS - CP

  • Use the ssh and multiexec terminal to run the following commands for cp-1 and cp-2
CP-1 Add IP addresses
  • IP for AMF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.230.2/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.230.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0
  • IP for SMF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp3s0 con-name enp3s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.230.3/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.230.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp3s0
CP-2 Add IP addresses
  • IP for AMF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.235.2/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.235.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0
  • IP for SMF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp3s0 con-name enp3s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.235.3/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.235.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp3s0

Getting MongoDB

  • Import the public key used by the package management system.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget gnupg -y
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -
  • Create the list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list for your version of Ubuntu.
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
  • Install the MongoDB packages.
sudo apt update 
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod

Getting Open5GS as a source

  • Install the dependencies for building the source code.
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel ninja-build build-essential flex bison git cmake libsctp-dev libgnutls28-dev libgcrypt-dev libssl-dev libidn11-dev libmongoc-dev libbson-dev libyaml-dev wget libnghttp2-dev libmicrohttpd-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libnghttp2-dev libtins-dev libtalloc-dev meson -y
  • Git clone
wget https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/archive/refs/tags/v2.6.6.zip --no-check-certificate
  • Unzip the repo
unzip v2.6.6.zip
mv open5gs-2.6.6/ open5gs
cd open5gs
  • To compile with meson:
meson build --prefix=`pwd`/install
ninja -C build
  • perform the installation process.
cd build
ninja install
cd ../
CP-1 AMF config
  • Modify the config files for AMF and SMF. This is only for the control Plane
sudo nano install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml
amf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 7777
    ngap:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.5
+      - addr: 192.168.230.2
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 9090
    guami:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        amf_id:
          region: 2
          set: 1
    tai:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
+        tac: 1
    plmn_support:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        s_nssai:
          - sst: 1
    security:
        integrity_order : [ NIA2, NIA1, NIA0 ]
        ciphering_order : [ NEA0, NEA1, NEA2 ]
    network_name:
        full: Open5GS
    amf_name: open5gs-amf0
sudo nano install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml
smf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 7777
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      - addr: 192.168.230.3
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpc:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpu:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 9090
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    dns:
      - 8.8.8.8
      - 8.8.4.4
      - 2001:4860:4860::8888
      - 2001:4860:4860::8844
    mtu: 1400
    ctf:
      enabled: auto
    freeDiameter: /home/cp/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf




upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.230.4
CP-2 AMF config
  • Modify the config files for AMF and SMF. This is only for the control Plane
sudo nano install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml
amf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 7777
    ngap:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.5
+      - addr: 192.168.235.2
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 9090
    guami:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        amf_id:
          region: 2
          set: 1
    tai:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
+        tac: 1
    plmn_support:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        s_nssai:
          - sst: 1
    security:
        integrity_order : [ NIA2, NIA1, NIA0 ]
        ciphering_order : [ NEA0, NEA1, NEA2 ]
    network_name:
        full: Open5GS
    amf_name: open5gs-amf0
sudo nano install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml
smf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 7777
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      - addr: 192.168.235.3
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpc:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpu:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 9090
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    dns:
      - 8.8.8.8
      - 8.8.4.4
      - 2001:4860:4860::8888
      - 2001:4860:4860::8844
    mtu: 1400
    ctf:
      enabled: auto
    freeDiameter: /home/cp/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf




upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.235.4

Building the WebUI of Open5GS

The WebUI allows you to interactively edit subscriber data. While it is not essential to use this, it makes things easier when you are just starting out on your Open5GS adventure. (A command line tool is available for advanced users).

Node.js is required to build WebUI of Open5GS

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg

NODE_MAJOR=20
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list


sudo apt update
sudo apt install nodejs -y
  • Install the dependencies to run WebUI
cd webui
npm ci
  • The WebUI runs as an npm script.
npm run dev &

Register Subscriber Information

Connect to http://127.0.0.1:3000 and login with admin account.

Username : admin Password : 1423

You can change the password after login

Image description

Image description

Image description

Image description

Image description

Add subscriber using CLI

mongosh 
show dbs
use open5gs

Make sure to specify the wanted parameters. We wanted IMSI 001010000000001 UE IP: 10.45.0.3

db.subscribers.insertOne({
  imsi: '001010000000001',
  msisdn: [],
  imeisv: '4301816125816151',
  mme_host: [],
  mme_realm: [],
  purge_flag: [],
  security: {
    k: '465B5CE8 B199B49F AA5F0A2E E238A6BC',
    op: null,
    opc: 'E8ED289D EBA952E4 283B54E8 8E6183CA',
    amf: '8000',
    sqn: NumberLong("513")
  },
  ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
  slice: [
    {
      sst: 1,
      default_indicator: true,
      session: [
        {
          name: 'internet',
          type: 3,
          qos: { index: 9, arp: { priority_level: 8, pre_emption_capability: 1, pre_emption_vulnerability: 1 } },
          ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
          ue: { addr: '10.45.0.3' },
          _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334ce"),
          pcc_rule: []
        }
      ],
      _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334cd")
    }
  ],
  access_restriction_data: 32,
  subscriber_status: 0,
  network_access_mode: 0,
  subscribed_rau_tau_timer: 12,
  __v: 0
})
db.subscribers.insertOne({
  imsi: '001010000000002',
  msisdn: [],
  imeisv: '4301816125816151',
  mme_host: [],
  mme_realm: [],
  purge_flag: [],
  security: {
    k: '465B5CE8 B199B49F AA5F0A2E E238A6BC',
    op: null,
    opc: 'E8ED289D EBA952E4 283B54E8 8E6183CA',
    amf: '8000',
    sqn: NumberLong("513")
  },
  ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
  slice: [
    {
      sst: 1,
      default_indicator: true,
      session: [
        {
          name: 'internet',
          type: 3,
          qos: { index: 9, arp: { priority_level: 8, pre_emption_capability: 1, pre_emption_vulnerability: 1 } },
          ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
          ue: { addr: '10.45.0.4' },
          _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334ce"),
          pcc_rule: []
        }
      ],
      _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334cd")
    }
  ],
  access_restriction_data: 32,
  subscriber_status: 0,
  network_access_mode: 0,
  subscribed_rau_tau_timer: 12,
  __v: 0
})

ctrl+d

Running Open5GS - CP

~/open5gs
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd &
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd &

Open5GS - UP

  • Use the ssh and multiexec terminal to run the following commands for up-1 and up-2
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/ssh_scripts
sudo bash up-1.sh
sudo bash up-2.sh
UP-1 Add IP addresses
  • IP for UPF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.230.4/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.230.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0
UP-2 Add IP addresses
  • IP for UPF*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.235.4/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.235.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0

Getting Open5GS as a source

  • Install the dependencies for building the source code.
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel ninja-build build-essential flex bison git cmake libsctp-dev libgnutls28-dev libgcrypt-dev libssl-dev libidn11-dev libmongoc-dev libbson-dev libyaml-dev wget libnghttp2-dev libmicrohttpd-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libnghttp2-dev libtins-dev libtalloc-dev meson -y
  • Git clone
wget https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/archive/refs/tags/v2.6.6.zip --no-check-certificate
  • Unzip the repo
unzip v2.6.6.zip
mv open5gs-2.6.6/ open5gs
cd open5gs
  • To compile with meson:
meson build --prefix=`pwd`/install
ninja -C build
  • perform the installation process.
cd build
ninja install
cd ../
UP-1 UPF Config
  • Modify the config files for UPF. This is only for the User Plane
nano install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.230.4
    gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.230.4
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.7
        port: 9090
UP-2 UPF Config
  • Modify the config files for UPF. This is only for the User Plane
nano install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.235.4
    gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.235.4
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.7
        port: 9090

Running Open5GS - UP

sudo ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
sudo ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
sudo ip addr add 2001:db8:cafe::1/48 dev ogstun
sudo ip link set ogstun up
  • Allow UE network traffic to access the internet.
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.45.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE
~/open5gs
sudo ./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &

UERANSIM - gNB

  • Use the ssh and multiexec terminal to run the following commands for gnb-1 and gnb-2
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/ssh_scripts
sudo bash gnb-1.sh
sudo bash gnb-2.sh
gNB-1 Add IP addresses
  • IP for gNB*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.230.5/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.230.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0
gNB-2 Add IP addresses
  • IP for gNB*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.235.5/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.235.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0

Getting the UERANSIM

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y 
sudo apt install openssh-server -y 
sudo apt install git -y
  • Clone repo
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation
cd UERANSIM
  • Install the required dependencies
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libsctp-dev lksctp-tools iproute2 build-essential -y
sudo snap install cmake --classic

Build UERANSIM

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/UERANSIM
make

gNB1 Configuration

cd config
cp open5gs-gnb.yaml open5gs-gnb1.yaml
nano open5gs-gnb1.yaml
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value

-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)

nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
+tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code

-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)

+linkIp: 192.168.230.5   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 192.168.230.5   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.230.5    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)


# List of AMF address information
amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 192.168.230.2
    port: 38412

# List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB
slices:
  - sst: 1

# Indicates whether or not SCTP stream number errors should be ignored.
ignoreStreamIds: true```


## Start using the gNB - UERANSIM 

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the gNB:

cd ..
./build/nr-gnb -c config/open5gs-gnb1.yaml

gNB2 Configuration

cd config
sudo cp open5gs-gnb.yaml open5gs-gnb1.yaml
sudo nano open5gs-gnb1.yaml
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value

-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)

nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
+tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code

-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)

+linkIp: 192.168.235.5   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 192.168.235.5   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.235.5    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)


# List of AMF address information
amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 192.168.235.2
    port: 38412

# List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB
slices:
  - sst: 1

# Indicates whether or not SCTP stream number errors should be ignored.
ignoreStreamIds: true```


## Start using the gNB - UERANSIM 

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the gNB:

cd ..
./build/nr-gnb -c config/open5gs-gnb1.yaml

Start using the gNB - UERANSIM

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the gNB:

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/UERANSIM/
sudo pkill -f nr-gnb
sudo ./build/nr-gnb -c config/open5gs-gnb1.yaml &

UERANSIM - UE

  • Use the ssh and multiexec terminal to run the following commands for ue-1 and ue-2
cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/ssh_scripts
sudo bash ue-1.sh
sudo bash ue-2.sh
UE-1 Add IP addresses
  • IP for UE*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.230.6/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.230.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0
UE-2 Add IP addresses
  • IP for UE*
sudo nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp2s0 con-name enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.235.6/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.235.1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
sudo nmcli con up enp2s0

Getting the UERANSIM

sudo apt update ; sudo apt upgrade -y 
sudo apt install openssh-server -y 
sudo apt install git -y
  • Clone repo
cd ~
wget https://github.com/aligungr/UERANSIM/archive/refs/heads/master.zip  --no-check-certificate
unzip master.zip
mv UERANSIM-master/ UERANSIM
cd UERANSIM
  • Install the required dependencies
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libsctp-dev lksctp-tools iproute2 build-essential -y
sudo snap install cmake --classic

Build UERANSIM

cd ~/UERANSIM
make

UE1 Configuration

cd config
cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue1.yaml
nano open5gs-ue1.yaml
# IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000001'
# Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
# Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'

# Permanent subscription key
key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
# Operator code (OP or OPC) of the UE
op: 'E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA'
# This value specifies the OP type and it can be either 'OP' or 'OPC'
opType: 'OPC'
# Authentication Management Field (AMF) value
amf: '8000'
# IMEI number of the device. It is used if no SUPI is provided
imei: '356938035643803'
# IMEISV number of the device. It is used if no SUPI and IMEI is provided
imeiSv: '4370816125816151'

# List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.230.5

# UAC Access Identities Configuration
uacAic:
  mps: false
  mcs: false

# UAC Access Control Class
uacAcc:
  normalClass: 0
  class11: false
  class12: false
  class13: false
  class14: false
  class15: false

# Initial PDU sessions to be established
sessions:
  - type: 'IPv4'
    apn: 'internet'
    slice:
      sst: 1

# Configured NSSAI for this UE by HPLMN
configured-nssai:
  - sst: 1

# Default Configured NSSAI for this UE
default-nssai:
  - sst: 1
    sd: 1

# Supported integrity algorithms by this UE
integrity:
  IA1: true
  IA2: true
  IA3: true

# Supported encryption algorithms by this UE
ciphering:
  EA1: true
  EA2: true
  EA3: true

# Integrity protection maximum data rate for user plane
integrityMaxRate:
  uplink: 'full'
  downlink: 'full'

UE2 Configuration

cd config
sudo cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue1.yaml
sudo nano open5gs-ue1.yaml
# IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000001'
# Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
# Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'

# Permanent subscription key
key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
# Operator code (OP or OPC) of the UE
op: 'E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA'
# This value specifies the OP type and it can be either 'OP' or 'OPC'
opType: 'OPC'
# Authentication Management Field (AMF) value
amf: '8000'
# IMEI number of the device. It is used if no SUPI is provided
imei: '356938035643803'
# IMEISV number of the device. It is used if no SUPI and IMEI is provided
imeiSv: '4370816125816151'

# List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.235.5

# UAC Access Identities Configuration
uacAic:
  mps: false
  mcs: false

# UAC Access Control Class
uacAcc:
  normalClass: 0
  class11: false
  class12: false
  class13: false
  class14: false
  class15: false

# Initial PDU sessions to be established
sessions:
  - type: 'IPv4'
    apn: 'internet'
    slice:
      sst: 1

# Configured NSSAI for this UE by HPLMN
configured-nssai:
  - sst: 1

# Default Configured NSSAI for this UE
default-nssai:
  - sst: 1
    sd: 1

# Supported integrity algorithms by this UE
integrity:
  IA1: true
  IA2: true
  IA3: true

# Supported encryption algorithms by this UE
ciphering:
  EA1: true
  EA2: true
  EA3: true

# Integrity protection maximum data rate for user plane
integrityMaxRate:
  uplink: 'full'
  downlink: 'full'

Start using the UE - UERANSIM

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the UE:

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/UERANSIM/
sudo pkill -f nr-ue
sudo ./build/nr-ue -c config/open5gs-ue1.yaml &

**Test if the environment is working **

ping -I uesimtun0 -c 2 8.8.8.8

Output:

ping -I uesimtun0 -c 2 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) from 10.45.0.3 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=116 time=5.50 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=116 time=5.10 ms

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.104/5.302/5.500/0.198 ms

GTP-OVS-RYU

  • Make sure that the vms are up and running*
sudo virsh start cp-1
sudo virsh start up-1
sudo virsh start gnb-1
sudo virsh start ue-1
  • Start the 5G environment*

CP
Running Open5GS - CP

UP
Running Open5GS - UP

gNB
Start using the gNB - UERANSIM

UE
Start using the UE - UERANSIM

Approach 1: OVS-Ryu Based DDoS Detection and Mitigation (Baseline)

This directory contains the implementation of Approach 1, which uses Open vSwitch (OVS) and the Ryu SDN controller as the baseline method for DDoS detection and mitigation in 5G networks.

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/approach1

approach1

Approach 2: P4-ONOS Based Real-Time DDoS Detection and Mitigation

This directory contains the implementation of Approach 2, which leverages P4 and the ONOS SDN controller for real-time DDoS detection and mitigation.

cd ~/5G-SDN-DDoS-Detection-Mitigation/approach2

approach2

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