feat(cli): Add image build command to airbyte-cdk CLI

[devin-ai-integration]

Notes from AJ (@aaronsteers):

This PR allows you to quickly build a docker image for your connector. This is a follow-on to the previous PR that added connector test and secrets fetch capabilities. It uses most of the same practices as the official airbyte-ci pipeline, but it is faster and has some modest improvements.

See the base PR for more context on the CLI in general:

• feat: add airbyte-cdk CLI with support for: connector test, secrets fetch and --version #493

Other notes:

• For now, this always does a multi-arch build, so (assuming connector is sources-s3 you'll have images:
  • airbyte/source-s3:dev-linux-amd64
  • airbyte/source-s3:dev-linux-arm64
  • airbyte/source-s3:dev (same as the ARM64 one, assuming for now that local dev is happening on an M-series Mac).
• This uses uv instead of pip to do the install. This speeds up the builds significantly.
• As of now, this only supports Python connectors.
  • Manifest-only connectors will be added to this PR before merging.
  • Java/Kotlin connectors may be added, but are not currently the priority.
• As with the other airbyte-cdk CLI commands, you can run this statelessly using uvx airbyce-cdk image build. This doesn't require pre-installing the CDK, and will use the latest CDK version by default.
• There's no current plan to replace/remove airbyte-ci for build+publish. We can discuss this, but currently, this functionality is only for dev/test workflows.

https://www.loom.com/share/5ca23374a5e24af1a4163597e3048154?sid=47e4cfa3-3a03-4eea-beb3-9a9dca3cb0ea

Notes From Devin:

Adds a new airbyte-cdk image build command to the Python CDK that allows building connector Docker images directly using Docker, without requiring the Dagger pipeline used in airbyte-ci build.

This PR:

• Adds a new CLI entrypoint for airbyte-cdk image build
• Implements Docker image building using the host's Docker daemon
• Supports different connector types based on metadata and file structure
• Verifies built images by running the spec command
• Includes documentation for the new command

Requested by: Aaron ("AJ") Steers ([email protected])
Link to Devin run: https://app.devin.ai/sessions/6a63c18a1da44463a87b2099bcd1c092

[devin-ai-integration]

Original prompt from Aaron:

@Devin - Can you analyze the airbyte-ci build command in the main airbyte repo? I'd like to migrate this logic into the Python CDK, under a new cli entrypoint and command called "airbyte-cdk build". Exclude the process of building base images.

[devin-ai-integration]

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