feat(proof): add proof types crate and remote proof tracking DBs

[prajwolrg]

Description

• Reorganizes proof-related crates under crates/proof/:
  • Moves proof-db to proof/db and proof-impl to proof/statements
  • Introduces a new proof/types crate (strata-asm-proof-types) with AsmProof, MohoProof, ProofId, RemoteProofId, and L1Range types
• Refactors ProofDb to store ProofReceiptWithMetadata instead of raw Vec<u8>
• Adds two new DB traits with sled-backed implementations:
  • RemoteProofMappingDb — bidirectional mapping between local ProofIds and RemoteProofIds from the remote prover
  • RemoteProofStatusDb — tracks execution status of in-flight remote proof jobs
• Includes proptest for all new DB implementations

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature/Enhancement (non-breaking change which adds functionality or enhances an existing one)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update
• Refactor
• New or updated tests
• Dependency update
• Security fix

Notes to Reviewers

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my code.
• I have commented my code where necessary.
• I have updated the documentation if needed.
• My changes do not introduce new warnings.
• I have added tests that prove my changes are effective or that my feature works.
• New and existing tests pass with my changes.

Related Issues

[MdTeach]

Overall looks good.
I think some section related to RemoteProof* are proof-agnostic and can be reused by Bridge Proof and others.

[evgenyzdanovich]

Looks good.