[doc] add short_circuit exec doc

docs/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+{
+    "title": "Conditional Functions Overview",
+    "language": "en",
+    "description": "Conditional functions are built-in functions used to perform conditional logic and branching in SQL queries."
+}
+---
+
+# Conditional Functions Overview
+
+Conditional functions are built-in functions used to perform conditional logic and branching in SQL queries. They help execute different operations based on specified conditions, such as selecting values, handling NULL values, and performing case-based logic.
+
+## Vectorized Execution and Conditional Functions
+
+Doris is a vectorized execution engine. However, conditional functions may behave in ways that seem counterintuitive.
+
+Consider the following example:
+
+```sql
+mysql> set enable_strict_cast = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
+ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (127.0.0.1)[INVALID_ARGUMENT]Value 128 out of range for type tinyint
+```
+
+In this example, even though we only cast to `tinyint` when `number < 128` in the `if` function, an error still occurs. This is because of how conditional functions like `if(cond, colA, colB)` were traditionally executed:
+
+1. First, both `colA` and `colB` are fully computed
+2. Then, based on the value of `cond`, the corresponding result is selected and returned
+
+So even if `colA`'s value is not actually used in practice, since `colA` is fully computed, it will still trigger an error.
+
+Functions like `if`, `ifnull`, `case`, and `coalesce` have similar behavior.
+
+Note that functions like `LEAST` do not have this issue because they inherently need to compute all parameters to compare values.
+
+## Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+In Doris 4.0, we improved the execution logic of conditional functions to allow short-circuit evaluation.
+
+```sql
+mysql> set short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| count(if(number < 128, cast(number as tinyint), cast(number as String)))|
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                      300 |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+With short-circuit evaluation enabled, functions like `if`, `ifnull`, `case`, and `coalesce` can avoid unnecessary computations in many scenarios, thus preventing errors and improving performance.
+
+### Enabling Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+To enable short-circuit evaluation, set the session variable:
+
+```sql
+SET short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+```
+
+### Benefits of Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+1. **Error Prevention**: Avoids executing branches that would cause errors when conditions exclude them
+2. **Performance Improvement**: Reduces unnecessary computations by only evaluating branches that are actually needed
+3. **More Intuitive Behavior**: Makes conditional functions behave more like traditional programming language conditionals
+
+## Common Conditional Functions
+
+Common conditional functions that benefit from short-circuit evaluation include:
+
+- `IF`: Returns one of two values based on a condition
+- `IFNULL`: Returns the first argument if it's not NULL, otherwise returns the second argument
+- `CASE`: Provides multiple conditional branches similar to switch-case statements
+- `COALESCE`: Returns the first non-NULL value from a list of arguments
+- `NULLIF`: Returns NULL if two arguments are equal, otherwise returns the first argument
+
+For detailed information about each function, please refer to their respective documentation pages.

i18n/zh-CN/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+{
+    "title": "条件函数概述",
+    "language": "zh-CN",
+    "description": "条件函数是用于在 SQL 查询中执行条件逻辑和分支的内置函数。"
+}
+---
+
+# 条件函数概述
+
+条件函数是用于在 SQL 查询中执行条件逻辑和分支的内置函数。它们帮助根据指定的条件执行不同的操作，例如选择值、处理 NULL 值以及执行基于条件的逻辑判断。
+
+## 向量化执行与条件函数
+
+Doris 是向量化执行的引擎。但是对于条件函数，可能会有一些反直觉的地方。
+
+考虑以下示例：
+
+```sql
+mysql> set enable_strict_cast = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
+ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (127.0.0.1)[INVALID_ARGUMENT]Value 128 out of range for type tinyint
+```
+
+上面的例子中，虽然我们在 `if` 函数中，`number < 128` 的分支才会被转换为 `tinyint` 类型，但是还是报错了。这是因为对于 `if(cond, colA, colB)` 这个条件函数，传统的执行方式是：
+
+1. 先完整计算 `colA` 和 `colB`
+2. 然后根据 `cond` 的值，选择对应的结果返回
+
+所以即使在实际执行中，并没有用到 `colA` 的值，但是因为 `colA` 被完整计算了，所以会报错。
+
+`if`、`ifnull`、`case`、`coalesce` 等函数都有类似的问题。
+
+注意，例如 `LEAST` 这样的函数是没有这样的问题的，因为它本身就需要把所有的参数都计算出来，才能比较大小。
+
+## 短路执行
+
+在 Doris 4.0 版本中，我们对条件函数的执行逻辑进行了改进，允许短路执行。
+
+```sql
+mysql> set short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| count(if(number < 128, cast(number as tinyint), cast(number as String)))|
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                      300 |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+开启短路执行后，`if`、`ifnull`、`case`、`coalesce` 等函数在很多场景下可以避免不必要的计算，从而避免报错并提升性能。
+
+### 开启短路执行
+
+要开启短路执行，需要设置会话变量：
+
+```sql
+SET short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+```
+
+### 短路执行的优势
+
+1. **避免错误**：当条件排除某些分支时，避免执行会导致错误的分支
+2. **性能提升**：只计算实际需要的分支，减少不必要的计算
+3. **更直观的行为**：使条件函数的行为更接近传统编程语言中的条件语句
+
+## 常见条件函数
+
+受益于短路执行的常见条件函数包括：
+
+- `IF`：根据条件返回两个值中的一个
+- `IFNULL`：如果第一个参数不为 NULL 则返回第一个参数，否则返回第二个参数
+- `CASE`：提供多个条件分支，类似于 switch-case 语句
+- `COALESCE`：从参数列表中返回第一个非 NULL 的值
+- `NULLIF`：如果两个参数相等则返回 NULL，否则返回第一个参数
+
+有关每个函数的详细信息，请参阅各自的文档页面。

i18n/zh-CN/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/version-4.x/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+{
+    "title": "条件函数概述",
+    "language": "zh-CN",
+    "description": "条件函数是用于在 SQL 查询中执行条件逻辑和分支的内置函数。"
+}
+---
+
+# 条件函数概述
+
+条件函数是用于在 SQL 查询中执行条件逻辑和分支的内置函数。它们帮助根据指定的条件执行不同的操作,例如选择值、处理 NULL 值以及执行基于条件的逻辑判断。
+
+## 向量化执行与条件函数
+
+Doris 是向量化执行的引擎。但是对于条件函数,可能会有一些反直觉的地方。
+
+考虑以下示例:
+
+```sql
+mysql> set enable_strict_cast = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
+ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (127.0.0.1)[INVALID_ARGUMENT]Value 128 out of range for type tinyint
+```
+
+上面的例子中,虽然我们在 `if` 函数中,`number < 128` 的分支才会被转换为 `tinyint` 类型,但是还是报错了。这是因为对于 `if(cond, colA, colB)` 这个条件函数,传统的执行方式是:
+
+1. 先完整计算 `colA` 和 `colB`
+2. 然后根据 `cond` 的值,选择对应的结果返回
+
+所以即使在实际执行中,并没有用到 `colA` 的值,但是因为 `colA` 被完整计算了,所以会报错。
+
+`if`、`ifnull`、`case`、`coalesce` 等函数都有类似的问题。
+
+注意,例如 `LEAST` 这样的函数是没有这样的问题的,因为它本身就需要把所有的参数都计算出来,才能比较大小。
+
+## 短路执行
+
+在 Doris 4.0.3 版本中,我们对条件函数的执行逻辑进行了改进,允许短路执行。
+
+```sql
+mysql> set short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| count(if(number < 128, cast(number as tinyint), cast(number as String)))|
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                      300 |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+开启短路执行后,`if`、`ifnull`、`case`、`coalesce` 等函数在很多场景下可以避免不必要的计算,从而避免报错并提升性能。
+
+### 开启短路执行
+
+要开启短路执行,需要设置会话变量:
+
+```sql
+SET short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+```
+
+### 短路执行的优势
+
+1. **避免错误**:当条件排除某些分支时,避免执行会导致错误的分支
+2. **性能提升**:只计算实际需要的分支,减少不必要的计算
+3. **更直观的行为**:使条件函数的行为更接近传统编程语言中的条件语句
+
+## 常见条件函数
+
+受益于短路执行的常见条件函数包括:
+
+- `IF`:根据条件返回两个值中的一个
+- `IFNULL`:如果第一个参数不为 NULL 则返回第一个参数,否则返回第二个参数
+- `CASE`:提供多个条件分支,类似于 switch-case 语句
+- `COALESCE`:从参数列表中返回第一个非 NULL 的值
+- `NULLIF`:如果两个参数相等则返回 NULL,否则返回第一个参数
+
+有关每个函数的详细信息,请参阅各自的文档页面。

sidebars.ts

@@ -1824,6 +1824,7 @@ const sidebars: SidebarsConfig = {
                                     type: 'category',
                                     label: 'Conditional Functions',
                                     items: [
+                                        'sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview',
                                         'sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/coalesce',
                                         'sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/greatest',
                                         'sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/if',

versioned_docs/version-4.x/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+{
+    "title": "Conditional Functions Overview",
+    "language": "en",
+    "description": "Conditional functions are built-in functions used to perform conditional logic and branching in SQL queries."
+}
+---
+
+# Conditional Functions Overview
+
+Conditional functions are built-in functions used to perform conditional logic and branching in SQL queries. They help execute different operations based on specified conditions, such as selecting values, handling NULL values, and performing case-based logic.
+
+## Vectorized Execution and Conditional Functions
+
+Doris is a vectorized execution engine. However, conditional functions may behave in ways that seem counterintuitive.
+
+Consider the following example:
+
+```sql
+mysql> set enable_strict_cast = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
+ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (127.0.0.1)[INVALID_ARGUMENT]Value 128 out of range for type tinyint
+```
+
+In this example, even though we only cast to `tinyint` when `number < 128` in the `if` function, an error still occurs. This is because of how conditional functions like `if(cond, colA, colB)` were traditionally executed:
+
+1. First, both `colA` and `colB` are fully computed
+2. Then, based on the value of `cond`, the corresponding result is selected and returned
+
+So even if `colA`'s value is not actually used in practice, since `colA` is fully computed, it will still trigger an error.
+
+Functions like `if`, `ifnull`, `case`, and `coalesce` have similar behavior.
+
+Note that functions like `LEAST` do not have this issue because they inherently need to compute all parameters to compare values.
+
+## Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+In Doris 4.0.3, we improved the execution logic of conditional functions to allow short-circuit evaluation.
+
+```sql
+mysql> set short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> select count(
+    ->     if(number < 128 , 
+    ->       cast(number as tinyint), 
+    ->       cast(number as String))
+    ->   ) from numbers("number" = "300");
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| count(if(number < 128, cast(number as tinyint), cast(number as String)))|
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                      300 |
++-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+With short-circuit evaluation enabled, functions like `if`, `ifnull`, `case`, and `coalesce` can avoid unnecessary computations in many scenarios, thus preventing errors and improving performance.
+
+### Enabling Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+To enable short-circuit evaluation, set the session variable:
+
+```sql
+SET short_circuit_evaluation = true;
+```
+
+### Benefits of Short-Circuit Evaluation
+
+1. **Error Prevention**: Avoids executing branches that would cause errors when conditions exclude them
+2. **Performance Improvement**: Reduces unnecessary computations by only evaluating branches that are actually needed
+3. **More Intuitive Behavior**: Makes conditional functions behave more like traditional programming language conditionals
+
+## Common Conditional Functions
+
+Common conditional functions that benefit from short-circuit evaluation include:
+
+- `IF`: Returns one of two values based on a condition
+- `IFNULL`: Returns the first argument if it's not NULL, otherwise returns the second argument
+- `CASE`: Provides multiple conditional branches similar to switch-case statements
+- `COALESCE`: Returns the first non-NULL value from a list of arguments
+- `NULLIF`: Returns NULL if two arguments are equal, otherwise returns the first argument
+
+For detailed information about each function, please refer to their respective documentation pages.

versioned_sidebars/version-4.x-sidebars.json

@@ -1830,6 +1830,7 @@
                                     "type": "category",
                                     "label": "Conditional Functions",
                                     "items": [
+                                        "sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/overview",
                                         "sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/coalesce",
                                         "sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/greatest",
                                         "sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/conditional-functions/if",