[#4024]Refactor: Reduce unnecessary queries in catalog JDBC implementation

[zhengkezhou1]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

For queries involving more related tables, use a JOIN operation instead of executing separate queries to retrieve the results.

Why are the changes needed?

There are many unnecessary query operations, and the two tables can be directly associated to reduce these operations.

Part of: #4024

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

no

How was this patch tested?

unit tests & backend intergation tests

[zhengkezhou1]

@yuqi1129, is our test infrastructure broken? I also encountered failures while testing locally. I think they are caused by TestContainers.

[zhengkezhou1]

I tested the failing part in CI locally
https://github.com/apache/gravitino/actions/runs/13622804486/job/38080243805?pr=6540#:~:text=Run%20./gradlew%20%2DPtestMode,bash%20%2De%20%7B0%7D

There is no failure by executing independently rather than in parallel.

[yuqi1129]

I tested the failing part in CI locally apache/gravitino/actions/runs/13622804486/job/38080243805?pr=6540#:~:text=Run%20./gradlew%20%2DPtestMode,bash%20%2De%20%7B0%7D

There is no failure by executing independently rather than in parallel.

This should be a network problem; let me try again.

[zhengkezhou1]

@yuqi1129 I have fixed the error:https://github.com/apache/gravitino/actions/runs/13667966296/job/38212834258?pr=6540:

run CI locally with:

./gradlew test -PskipTests -PtestMode=embedded -PjdkVersion=17 -PjdbcBackend=h2 PskipDockerTests=false -x :web:web:test -x :web:integration-test:test -x :clients:client-python:test

It failed with another case:

It may not be a network problem because it always fails. Should we investigate this issue further?