refactor(cli): Improve CLI commands with better error handling and output formatting

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/CatalogAudit.java

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
-    displayAuditInfo(result.auditInfo());
+    if (result != null) {
+      displayAuditInfo(result.auditInfo());
+    }
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/CreateTable.java

@@ -86,9 +86,22 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError("Error initializing client or table name: " + exp.getMessage());
     }
 
+    if (client == null) {
+      exitWithError("Client initialization failed.");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (tableName == null) {
+      exitWithError("Table name could not be determined.");
+      return;
+    }
+
     try {
       tableData = readTableCSV.parse(columnFile);
       columns = readTableCSV.columns(tableData);
+      if (columns == null || columns.length == 0) {
+        exitWithError("No valid columns found in the provided file.");
+        return;
+      }
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError("Error reading or parsing column file: " + exp.getMessage());
     }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/FilesetDetails.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class FilesetDetails extends Command {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    * @param fileset The name of the fileset.
    */
   public FilesetDetails(

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListCatalogProperties.java

@@ -49,10 +49,14 @@ public ListCatalogProperties(CommandContext context, String metalake, String cat
   /** List the properties of a catalog. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
-    Catalog gCatalog = null;
+    GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
+
+    if (gCatalog != null) {
+      printProperties(gCatalog.properties());
+    }
+
     try {
-      GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
-      gCatalog = client.loadCatalog(catalog);
+      Catalog gCatalog = client.loadCatalog(catalog);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListColumns.java

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations
  * under the License.
  */
-
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
@@ -51,18 +50,41 @@ public ListColumns(
   /** Displays the details of a table's columns. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
-    Column[] columns = null;
-
     try {
       NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, table);
-      columns = tableCatalog().loadTable(name).columns();
+      Column[] columns = tableCatalog().loadTable(name).columns();
+
+      if (columns == null || columns.length == 0) {
+        exitWithError("No columns found for the specified table.");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      StringBuilder all = new StringBuilder();
+      all.append("name,datatype,comment,nullable,auto_increment").append(System.lineSeparator());
+
+      for (Column column : columns) {
+        if (column == null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        all.append(column.name()).append(",");
+        all.append(column.dataType() != null ? column.dataType().simpleString() : "UNKNOWN")
+            .append(",");
+        all.append(column.comment() != null ? column.comment() : "N/A").append(",");
+        all.append(column.nullable() ? "true" : "false").append(",");
+        all.append(column.autoIncrement() ? "true" : "false");
+        all.append(System.lineSeparator());
+      }
+
+      printResults(all.toString());
+
     } catch (NoSuchTableException noSuchTableException) {
       exitWithError(
-          ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TABLE + Joiner.on(".").join(metalake, catalog, schema, table));
+          ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TABLE
+              + " "
+              + Joiner.on(".").join(metalake, catalog, schema, table));
     } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
+      exitWithError("An error occurred while retrieving column details: " + exp.getMessage());
     }
-
-    printResults(columns);
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListFilesetProperties.java

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import org.apache.gravitino.NameIdentifier;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
@@ -59,10 +59,15 @@ public ListFilesetProperties(
   @Override
   public void handle() {
     Fileset gFileset = null;
+    GravitinoClient client = null;
+
     try {
       NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, fileset);
-      GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
+      client = buildClient(metalake);
+
       gFileset = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asFilesetCatalog().loadFileset(name);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exp) {
+      exitWithError("Invalid schema or fileset name: " + exp.getMessage());
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
@@ -73,7 +78,12 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
-    Map<String, String> properties = gFileset.properties();
-    printProperties(properties);
+    // Null check for gFileset before accessing its properties
+    if (gFileset == null) {
+      exitWithError("Failed to load fileset: " + fileset);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    printProperties(gFileset.properties() != null ? gFileset.properties() : Collections.emptyMap());
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListMetalakeProperties.java

@@ -46,17 +46,21 @@ public ListMetalakeProperties(CommandContext context, String metalake) {
   @Override
   public void handle() {
     Metalake gMetalake = null;
-    try {
-      GravitinoAdminClient client = buildAdminClient();
+
+    try (GravitinoAdminClient client = buildAdminClient()) { // Ensure resource cleanup
       gMetalake = client.loadMetalake(metalake);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
-    Map<String, String> properties = gMetalake.properties();
+    if (gMetalake == null) {
+      exitWithError("Metalake not found: " + metalake);
+      return;
+    }
 
+    Map<String, String> properties = gMetalake.properties();
     printProperties(properties);
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListSchemaProperties.java

@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ public ListSchemaProperties(
   @Override
   public void handle() {
     Schema gSchema = null;
+    GravitinoClient client = null;
+
     try {
-      GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
+      client = buildClient(metalake);
       gSchema = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asSchemas().loadSchema(schema);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
@@ -68,6 +70,11 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
+    if (gSchema == null) {
+      exitWithError("Schema not found: " + schema);
+      return;
+    }
+
     Map<String, String> properties = gSchema.properties();
     printProperties(properties);
   }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTableProperties.java

@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@ public ListTableProperties(
   /** List the properties of a table. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
+    GravitinoClient client = null;
     Table gTable = null;
+
     try {
+      client = buildClient(metalake);
       NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, table);
-      GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
       gTable = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asTableCatalog().loadTable(name);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
@@ -76,6 +78,11 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
+    if (gTable == null) {
+      exitWithError("Table not found: " + table);
+      return;
+    }
+
     Map<String, String> properties = gTable.properties();
     printProperties(properties);
   }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTables.java

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class ListTables extends TableCommand {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    */
   public ListTables(CommandContext context, String metalake, String catalog, String schema) {
     super(context, metalake, catalog);
@@ -47,43 +47,49 @@ public ListTables(CommandContext context, String metalake, String catalog, Strin
   /** List the names of all tables in a schema. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
-    NameIdentifier[] tables = null;
-    Namespace name = Namespace.of(schema);
-
     try {
-      tables = tableCatalog().listTables(name);
-    } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
-    }
+      Namespace name = Namespace.of(schema);
+      NameIdentifier[] tables = tableCatalog().listTables(name);
 
-    if (tables.length == 0) {
-      printInformation("No tables exist.");
-      return;
-    }
+      if (tables == null || tables.length == 0) {
+        printInformation("No tables exist.");
+        return;
+      }
 
-    Table[] gTables = new Table[tables.length];
-    for (int i = 0; i < tables.length; i++) {
-      String tableName = tables[i].name();
-      gTables[i] =
-          new Table() {
+      Table[] gTables = new Table[tables.length];
+      for (int i = 0; i < tables.length; i++) {
+        String tableName = tables[i].name();
+        gTables[i] = createTableStub(tableName);
+      }
 
-            @Override
-            public String name() {
-              return tableName;
-            }
+      printResults(gTables);
+    } catch (Exception exp) {
+      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
 
-            @Override
-            public Column[] columns() {
-              return new Column[0];
-            }
+  /**
+   * Creates a stub Table instance with only the table name.
+   *
+   * @param tableName The name of the table.
+   * @return A minimal Table instance.
+   */
+  private Table createTableStub(String tableName) {
+    return new Table() {
+      @Override
+      public String name() {
+        return tableName;
+      }
 
-            @Override
-            public Audit auditInfo() {
-              return null;
-            }
-          };
-    }
+      @Override
+      public Column[] columns() {
+        return new Column[0]; // Empty columns since only table names are needed
+      }
 
-    printResults(gTables);
+      @Override
+      public Audit auditInfo() {
+        return null; // No audit info needed for listing tables
+      }
+    };
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTagProperties.java

@@ -53,12 +53,18 @@ public void handle() {
     try {
       GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
       gTag = client.getTag(tag);
+
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (NoSuchTagException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TAG);
     } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
+      exitWithError("An unexpected error occurred: " + exp.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    if (gTag == null) {
+      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TAG);
+      return;
     }
 
     Map<String, String> properties = gTag.properties();

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTopicProperties.java

@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ public void handle() {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
+    if (gTopic == null) {
+      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TOPIC);
+      return;
+    }
+
     Map<String, String> properties = gTopic.properties();
     printProperties(properties);
   }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ModelDetails.java

@@ -68,20 +68,28 @@ public void handle() {
       ModelCatalog modelCatalog = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asModelCatalog();
       gModel = modelCatalog.getModel(name);
       versions = modelCatalog.listModelVersions(name);
-    } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException noSuchMetalakeException) {
+
+    } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
-    } catch (NoSuchCatalogException noSuchCatalogException) {
+    } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
-    } catch (NoSuchSchemaException noSuchSchemaException) {
+    } catch (NoSuchSchemaException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_SCHEMA);
-    } catch (NoSuchModelException noSuchModelException) {
+    } catch (NoSuchModelException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_MODEL);
     } catch (Exception err) {
-      exitWithError(err.getMessage());
+      exitWithError("An unexpected error occurred: " + err.getMessage());
     }
+
+    if (gModel == null) {
+      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_MODEL);
+      return;
+    }
+
     String basicInfo =
-        String.format("Model name %s, latest version: %s%n", gModel.name(), gModel.latestVersion());
-    String versionInfo = Arrays.toString(versions);
+        String.format(
+            "Model Name: %s, Latest Version: %s%n", gModel.name(), gModel.latestVersion());
+    String versionInfo = "Versions: " + Arrays.toString(versions);
     printResults(basicInfo + "versions: " + versionInfo);
   }
 }