optimize: enhance ci configuration

[YoWuwuuuw]

• I have registered the PR changes.

Ⅰ. Describe what this PR did

● Optimized CI Trigger Conditions:
○Skip CI for .md file-only changes: CI process will not be triggered when the PR only contains modifications to .md files (like: #7226) , reducing unnecessary resource consumption.
○ PR Status Filtering: Avoid closed PRs (like: #7263) from occupying CI activities and prevent the Codecov bot from commenting on closed PRs.

● Maven Repository Caching:
○ Added caching for the Maven repository to accelerate build preparation and speed up CI testing (estimated improvement of 30-60 seconds). Cache status and usage can be viewed at https://github.com/apache/incubator-seata/actions/caches.
○ Reference

● Retry Mechanism:
○ Introduced a retry mechanism(1 time) to avoid CI failures caused by occasional issues. For example, in https://github.com/apache/incubator-seata/actions/runs/14049309257/job/39336574577?pr=7225 and https://github.com/apache/incubator-seata/actions/runs/14026429452/job/39265823304, CI occasionally fails due to sporadic problems (which should not happen), requiring manual triggering of CI.
○ Optimization Enhancement: Manually triggered CI rebuilds tests for all versions, while automatic retries only retry tests for the failed versions, improving efficiency.
○Reference

The corresponding ci measurement can be seen in my fork repo: https://github.com/YoWuwuuuw/incubator-seata

Ⅱ. Does this pull request fix one issue?

Ⅲ. Why don't you add test cases (unit test/integration test)?

Ⅳ. Describe how to verify it

Ⅴ. Special notes for reviews

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.27%. Comparing base (d3a7034) to head (9427585).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                2.x    #7270      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     54.24%   54.27%   +0.03%     
- Complexity     7264     7267       +3     
============================================
  Files          1178     1178              
  Lines         41965    41965              
  Branches       4924     4924              
============================================
+ Hits          22764    22777      +13     
+ Misses        17050    17036      -14     
- Partials       2151     2152       +1     

see 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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[xingfudeshi]

LGTM

[xingfudeshi]

Well done!