[To dev/1.3] Fixed the schema cache calculation 2 & The potential NPE caused by concurrent invalidate and update (#16834) & The schema cache is not cleared for "clear schema cache"

[Caideyipi]

Description

As the title said.

---

This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
  • concurrent read
  • concurrent write
  • concurrent read and write
• added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
• added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods.
• added or updated version, license, or notice information
• added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious
  for an unfamiliar reader.
• added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, ensuring the threshold
  for code coverage.
• added integration tests.
• been tested in a test IoTDB cluster.

---

Key changed/added classes (or packages if there are too many classes) in this PR

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 54.76190% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 41.10%. Comparing base (bab1937) to head (b1cd653).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ine/plan/analyze/cache/schema/DeviceLastCache.java	44.44%	10 Missing ⚠️
...che/schema/dualkeycache/impl/DualKeyCacheImpl.java	66.66%	4 Missing ⚠️
...ol/thrift/impl/DataNodeInternalRPCServiceImpl.java	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...e/iotdb/db/queryengine/plan/parser/ASTVisitor.java	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##             dev/1.3   #16833      +/-   ##
=============================================
+ Coverage      41.08%   41.10%   +0.01%     
  Complexity       198      198              
=============================================
  Files           3589     3589              
  Lines         235980   235975       -5     
  Branches       28507    28504       -3     
=============================================
+ Hits           96946    96986      +40     
+ Misses        139034   138989      -45     

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