[improve][client] PIP-407 Add newMessage with schema and transactions

[omarkj]

Pulsar Client allows callers to create messages with a schema or a transaction, but not both.

This commit adds a new method in the producer that allows callers to create a message with both a schema and transaction.

• Dependencies (add or upgrade a dependency)
• The public API
• The schema
• The default values of configurations
• The threading model
• The binary protocol
• The REST endpoints
• The admin CLI options
• The metrics
• Anything that affects deployment

Documentation

• doc
• doc-required
• doc-not-needed
• doc-complete

[dao-jun]

For PIP process, pls referring to https://github.com/apache/pulsar/tree/master/pip#pulsar-improvement-proposal-pip

[omarkj]

PIP PR filed here: #23950, will follow those guidelines by emailing out to the thread soon, etc.

[lhotari]

LGTM

[lhotari]

@BewareMyPower @dao-jun The PIP has been approved and merged, https://github.com/apache/pulsar/blob/master/pip/pip-407.md . PTAL and review

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 74.20%. Comparing base (669ab61) to head (76d6022).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...va/org/apache/pulsar/client/impl/ProducerBase.java	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #23942      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     74.18%   74.20%   +0.02%     
+ Complexity    33472    33471       -1     
============================================
  Files          1895     1895              
  Lines        147968   147971       +3     
  Branches      17134    17135       +1     
============================================
+ Hits         109768   109808      +40     
+ Misses        29448    29407      -41     
- Partials       8752     8756       +4     

Flag	Coverage Δ
inttests	26.31% <0.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
systests	22.71% <0.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
unittests	73.70% <66.66%> (+0.02%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...va/org/apache/pulsar/client/impl/ProducerBase.java	81.48% <66.66%> (-0.88%)	⬇️

... and 84 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

Unblocking the PR so that we get this finally merged.