[SPARK-51419][SQL] Get hours of TIME datatype

[senthh]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR adds support for extracting the hour component from TIME (TimeType) values in Spark SQL.

scala> spark.sql("SELECT hour(TIME'07:01:09.12312321231232');").show()
+----------------------------+
|hour(TIME '07:01:09.123123')|
+----------------------------+
|                           7|
+----------------------------+

scala> spark.sql("SELECT hour('2009-07-30 12:58:59')").show()
+-------------------------+
|hour(2009-07-30 12:58:59)|
+-------------------------+
|                       12|
+-------------------------+

Why are the changes needed?

Spark previously supported hour() for only TIMESTAMP type values. TIME support was missing, leading to implicit casting attempt to TIMESTAMP, which was incorrect. This PR ensures that hour(TIME'HH:MM:SS.######') behaves correctly without unnecessary type coercion.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes

• Before this PR, calling hour(TIME'HH:MM:SS.######') resulted in a type mismatch error or an implicit cast attempt to TIMESTAMP, which was incorrect.
• With this PR, hour(TIME'HH:MM:SS.######') now works correctly for TIME values without implicit casting.
• Users can now extract the hour component from TIME values natively.

How was this patch tested?

By running new tests:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimeExpressionsSuite"

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No

[senthh]

Hi @MaxGekk

Could you please review this PR?

[MaxGekk]

Could you fix the output of the example:

scala> spark.sql("SELECT hour(TIME'07:01:09.12312321231232');").show()
+------------------------------+
|minute(TIME '07:01:09.123123')|
+------------------------------+
| 7|
+------------------------------+

should be hour not minute.

[senthh]

Could you fix the output of the example:

scala> spark.sql("SELECT hour(TIME'07:01:09.12312321231232');").show()
+------------------------------+
|minute(TIME '07:01:09.123123')|
+------------------------------+
| 7|
+------------------------------+

should be hour not minute.

Yes corrected

[senthh]

Modified as per review feedback @MaxGekk , Please check it looks good

[senthh]

ExpressionsSchemaSuite failled with below error

 - Check schemas for expression examples *** FAILED *** (444 milliseconds)
[info]   "SELECT hour('20[09-07-30] 12:58:59')" did not equal "SELECT hour('20[18-02-14] 12:58:59')" SQL query did not match (ExpressionsSchemaSuite.scala:190)
[info]   Analysis:
[info]   "SELECT hour('20[09-07-30] 12:58:59')" -> "SELECT hour('20[18-02-14] 12:58:59')"

[MaxGekk]

Suggested change

	// time in microseconds -> expected minute
	// time in microseconds -> expected hours

[beliefer]

Overall, LGTM except @MaxGekk 's comments.

[MaxGekk]

lgtm except of a couple comments.