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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -167,4 +167,40 @@ export enum DrawerType {
OrgAtRiskApps = 3,
}

export interface RiskInsightsReport {
organizationId: OrganizationId;
date: string;
reportData: string;
totalMembers: number;
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Question โ“ Will this report be automatically generated and submitted on a schedule, or manually created only? If the former, are we OK with this unencrypted metadata?

โš ๏ธโš ๏ธโš ๏ธ Assuming it can be run automated: I don't know the underlying security guarantees that are expected to be achieved here. From the fact that we encrypt reports, but do not encrypt summaries, I assume the underlying assumption here is that summaries do not leak individual data so it's "safe to store". That (assumed) assumption is not valid.

Unless not possible, I would recommend encrypting all metadata here. Specifically, reportData should be one blob including both the summary data and detail data. Below, I show a theoretical attack that may abuse the summary data to decrypt all org vault data remotely.

Specifically, the following attacks (non exhaustive, and non validated) may be made possible. I have not implemented or validated them, and they are purely on the basis of reading the code.

  • Assumption: There is a automated schedule / way to trigger the generation
  • Threat model: the attacker controls the API server.

Leak individiual item/application weakness status

Before every report generation, the server forces a sync to the client that will create the report, and present a false view of the ciphers, specifically, just show 1 cipher. The total will then reflect just that cipher, and thus the safety presumed by the use of summarized data is broken. This attack can be optimized to be much faster than a linear amount of queries.

Remote predicate evaluation on arbitrary org encrypted strings

Further, it allows the server to remotely run certain predicates such as findWeakPassword on any arbitrary org-key encrypted data (not just passwords) and obtain the result, by swapping encrypted strings within the cipher.

  • Possible full plaintext recovery, breaking organization e2e encryption: Doing a brief evaluation, without further validation, this.passwordStrengthService.getPasswordStrength( is called, which uses zxcvbn to compare a security score, of the password compared to, including the encrypted "username" field. If the server has access to known plaintext ciphertext pairs here, they may be able to create a decryption oracle capable of remotely decrypting all org vault data with this. NOTE: This is theoretical, I have not validated this thoroughly. Roughly, the attacker would remotely, via the previous attack make the client evaluate password strength. As the password, the server sets the target encstring. As the username, they set one of the known plaintext / ciphertext pairs. zxcvbn will return a different score based on the similarity of the two, and depending on if it reaches a threshold, it will be a cipher at risk. This can be used, given enough plaintext ciphertext pairs to fully recovery the target plaintext, thus making full decryption of all vault data possible. One would find a plaintext-ciphertext pair close to the threshold, then flip each character to figure out which character is the correct character for that position. However, this requires a lot of plaintext ciphertext pairs, or an encryption oracle.

Remote predicate evaluation - equality check

Using the same attack as above, the server can perform an equality check on any two arbitrary org-key encrypted org strings, by presenting 2 items, with the target encstrings set as the password.

Remote clustering of encrypted vault items by app

Further, it allows the server to cluster any ciphers and confirm if the are for the same domain. Example: Server provides cipher A, cipher B. If only one app is reported, then both are the same app and get clustered. This can be improved to be much faster than linear time.

(Out of scope note) Clusters / individual weak items can be tied to real domains

Combining this with a compromised icon server (out of scope) would allow tying encrypted ciphers to domains, and thus leak which accounts are weak.

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I will cc @mandreko-bitwarden, @jlf0dev on this, because these (presumed) attacks are security relevant, possibly threatening all of organization vault encryption confidentiality. I'm keeping these comments public because this is not released code, but just draft.

@jlf0dev I have not implemented these attacks because I looked at this as an early code review for the unrelated issue bellow, but it felt unethical not to look closer here. I don't know if it's worth to spend the time to confirm the validity of the attacks above. If we just encrypt the metadata, then all of them are invalid etiher way.

totalAtRiskMembers: number;
totalApplications: number;
totalAtRiskApplications: number;
totalCriticalApplications: number;
}

export interface ReportInsightsReportData {
data: string;
key: string;
}

export interface SaveRiskInsightsReportRequest {
data: RiskInsightsReport;
}

export interface SaveRiskInsightsReportResponse {
id: string;
}

export interface GetRiskInsightsReportResponse {
id: string;
organizationId: OrganizationId;
date: string;
reportData: string;
totalMembers: number;
totalAtRiskMembers: number;
totalApplications: number;
totalAtRiskApplications: number;
totalCriticalApplications: number;
}

export type PasswordHealthReportApplicationId = Opaque<string, "PasswordHealthReportApplicationId">;
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ export * from "./critical-apps.service";
export * from "./critical-apps-api.service";
export * from "./risk-insights-report.service";
export * from "./risk-insights-data.service";
export * from "./risk-insights-api.service";
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
import { mock } from "jest-mock-extended";

import { ApiService } from "@bitwarden/common/abstractions/api.service";
import { OrganizationId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";

import { SaveRiskInsightsReportRequest } from "../models/password-health";

import { RiskInsightsApiService } from "./risk-insights-api.service";

describe("RiskInsightsApiService", () => {
let service: RiskInsightsApiService;
const apiService = mock<ApiService>();

beforeEach(() => {
service = new RiskInsightsApiService(apiService);
});

it("should be created", () => {
expect(service).toBeTruthy();
});

it("should call apiService.send with correct parameters for saveRiskInsightsReport", (done) => {
const orgId = "org1" as OrganizationId;
const request: SaveRiskInsightsReportRequest = {
data: {
organizationId: orgId,
date: new Date().toISOString(),
reportData: "test",
totalMembers: 10,
totalAtRiskMembers: 5,
totalApplications: 100,
totalAtRiskApplications: 50,
totalCriticalApplications: 22,
},
};
const response = {
...request.data,
};

apiService.send.mockReturnValue(Promise.resolve(response));

service.saveRiskInsightsReport(request).subscribe((result) => {
expect(result).toEqual(response);
expect(apiService.send).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
"POST",
`/reports/organization-reports`,
request.data,
true,
true,
);
done();
});
});
});
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
import { from, Observable, of } from "rxjs";

import { ApiService } from "@bitwarden/common/abstractions/api.service";
import { OrganizationId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";

import {
GetRiskInsightsReportResponse,
SaveRiskInsightsReportRequest,
SaveRiskInsightsReportResponse,
} from "../models/password-health";

export class RiskInsightsApiService {
constructor(private apiService: ApiService) {}

saveRiskInsightsReport(
request: SaveRiskInsightsReportRequest,
): Observable<SaveRiskInsightsReportResponse> {
const dbResponse = this.apiService.send(
"POST",
`/reports/organization-reports`,
request.data,
true,
true,
);

return from(dbResponse as Promise<SaveRiskInsightsReportResponse>);
}

getRiskInsightsReport(orgId: OrganizationId): Observable<GetRiskInsightsReportResponse | null> {
const dbResponse = this.apiService
.send("GET", `/reports/organization-reports/latest/${orgId.toString()}`, null, true, true)
.catch((error: any): any => {
if (error.statusCode === 404) {
return null; // Handle 404 by returning null or an appropriate default value
}
throw error; // Re-throw other errors
});

if (dbResponse instanceof Error) {
return of(null);
}
return from(dbResponse as Promise<GetRiskInsightsReportResponse>);
}
}
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
import { takeUntilDestroyed } from "@angular/core/rxjs-interop";
import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
import { finalize } from "rxjs/operators";
import { switchMap } from "rxjs/operators";

import { OrganizationId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";
import { CipherService } from "@bitwarden/common/vault/abstractions/cipher.service";
import { CipherView } from "@bitwarden/common/vault/models/view/cipher.view";

import {
AppAtRiskMembersDialogParams,
ApplicationHealthReportDetail,
ApplicationHealthReportSummary,
AtRiskApplicationDetail,
AtRiskMemberDetail,
DrawerType,
} from "../models/password-health";

import { RiskInsightsApiService } from "./risk-insights-api.service";
import { RiskInsightsReportService } from "./risk-insights-report.service";
export class RiskInsightsDataService {
private applicationsSubject = new BehaviorSubject<ApplicationHealthReportDetail[] | null>(null);
private appsSummarySubject = new BehaviorSubject<ApplicationHealthReportSummary | null>(null);
private isReportFromArchiveSubject = new BehaviorSubject<boolean>(true); // True by default

applications$ = this.applicationsSubject.asObservable();
appsSummary$ = this.appsSummarySubject.asObservable();
isReportFromArchive$ = this.isReportFromArchiveSubject.asObservable();

private isLoadingSubject = new BehaviorSubject<boolean>(false);
isLoading$ = this.isLoadingSubject.asObservable();
Expand All @@ -27,45 +38,117 @@ export class RiskInsightsDataService {
private dataLastUpdatedSubject = new BehaviorSubject<Date | null>(null);
dataLastUpdated$ = this.dataLastUpdatedSubject.asObservable();

private cipherViewsForOrganizationSubject = new BehaviorSubject<CipherView[]>([]);
cipherViewsForOrganization$ = this.cipherViewsForOrganizationSubject.asObservable();

openDrawer = false;
drawerInvokerId: string = "";
activeDrawerType: DrawerType = DrawerType.None;
atRiskMemberDetails: AtRiskMemberDetail[] = [];
appAtRiskMembers: AppAtRiskMembersDialogParams | null = null;
atRiskAppDetails: AtRiskApplicationDetail[] | null = null;

constructor(private reportService: RiskInsightsReportService) {}
constructor(
private reportService: RiskInsightsReportService,
private riskInsightsApiService: RiskInsightsApiService,
private cipherService: CipherService,
) {}

/**
* Fetches the applications report and updates the applicationsSubject.
* @param organizationId The ID of the organization.
*/
fetchApplicationsReport(organizationId: string, isRefresh?: boolean): void {
if (isRefresh) {
this.isRefreshingSubject.next(true);
} else {
this.isLoadingSubject.next(true);
}
this.reportService
.generateApplicationsReport$(organizationId)
.pipe(
finalize(() => {
this.isLoadingSubject.next(false);
this.isRefreshingSubject.next(false);
this.dataLastUpdatedSubject.next(new Date());
}),
)
.pipe(takeUntilDestroyed())
.subscribe({
next: (reports: ApplicationHealthReportDetail[]) => {
this.applicationsSubject.next(reports);
this.errorSubject.next(null);
this.appsSummarySubject.next(this.reportService.generateApplicationsSummary(reports));
this.dataLastUpdatedSubject.next(new Date());
},
error: () => {
this.applicationsSubject.next([]);
},
});
}

fetchApplicationsReportFromCache(organizationId: string) {
return this.riskInsightsApiService
.getRiskInsightsReport(organizationId as OrganizationId)
.pipe(
switchMap(async (reportFromArchive) => {
if (!reportFromArchive || !reportFromArchive?.date) {
this.fetchApplicationsReport(organizationId);

return {
report: [],
summary: null,
fromArchive: false,
lastUpdated: new Date(),
};
} else {
const [report, summary] = await this.reportService.decryptRiskInsightsReport(
organizationId as OrganizationId,
reportFromArchive,
);

return {
report,
summary,
fromArchive: true,
lastUpdated: new Date(reportFromArchive.date),
};
}
}),
)
.subscribe({
next: ({ report, summary, fromArchive, lastUpdated }) => {
// in this block, only set the applicationsSubject and appsSummarySubject if the report is from archive
// the fetchApplicationsReport will set them if the report is not from archive
if (fromArchive) {
this.applicationsSubject.next(report);
this.errorSubject.next(null);
this.appsSummarySubject.next(summary);
}

this.isReportFromArchiveSubject.next(fromArchive);
this.dataLastUpdatedSubject.next(lastUpdated);
},
error: (error: unknown) => {
this.errorSubject.next((error as Error).message);
this.applicationsSubject.next([]);
},
});
}

async fetchCipherViewsForOrganization(
organizationId: OrganizationId,
isRefresh: boolean = false,
): Promise<void> {
if (isRefresh) {
this.cipherViewsForOrganizationSubject.next([]);
}

if (this.cipherViewsForOrganizationSubject.value) {
return;
}

const cipherViews = await this.cipherService.getAllFromApiForOrganization(organizationId);
this.cipherViewsForOrganizationSubject.next(cipherViews);
}

isLoadingData(started: boolean): void {
this.isLoadingSubject.next(started);
this.isRefreshingSubject.next(started);
}

setReportFromArchiveStatus(isFromArchive: boolean): void {
this.isReportFromArchiveSubject.next(isFromArchive);
}

refreshApplicationsReport(organizationId: string): void {
this.fetchApplicationsReport(organizationId, true);
}
Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ import { firstValueFrom } from "rxjs";
import { ZXCVBNResult } from "zxcvbn";

import { AuditService } from "@bitwarden/common/abstractions/audit.service";
import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/key-management/crypto/abstractions/encrypt.service";
import { KeyGenerationService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/key-generation.service";
import { PasswordStrengthServiceAbstraction } from "@bitwarden/common/tools/password-strength";
import { CipherService } from "@bitwarden/common/vault/abstractions/cipher.service";
import { KeyService } from "@bitwarden/key-management";

import { mockCiphers } from "./ciphers.mock";
import { CriticalAppsService } from "./critical-apps.service";
import { MemberCipherDetailsApiService } from "./member-cipher-details-api.service";
import { mockMemberCipherDetails } from "./member-cipher-details-api.service.spec";
import { RiskInsightsReportService } from "./risk-insights-report.service";
Expand All @@ -17,6 +21,10 @@ describe("RiskInsightsReportService", () => {
const auditService = mock<AuditService>();
const cipherService = mock<CipherService>();
const memberCipherDetailsService = mock<MemberCipherDetailsApiService>();
const keyService = mock<KeyService>();
const encryptService = mock<EncryptService>();
const criticalAppsService = mock<CriticalAppsService>();
const keyGenerationService = mock<KeyGenerationService>();

beforeEach(() => {
pwdStrengthService.getPasswordStrength.mockImplementation((password: string) => {
Expand All @@ -37,6 +45,10 @@ describe("RiskInsightsReportService", () => {
auditService,
cipherService,
memberCipherDetailsService,
keyService,
encryptService,
criticalAppsService,
keyGenerationService,
);
});

Expand Down
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