chore(node): update carbon-labs to node v24.11.0

[tay1orjones]

This updates the repo's configuration and usage of node.

Changelog

New

• add .nvmrc for centralized node version management

Changed

• update repo to use node v24.11.0 for local dev
• update ci to use .nvmrc instead of hardcoded (outdated/EOL v18) version
• update ci workflows to latest versions and pin them to SHA's for best security practice

Testing / Reviewing

• CI should pass, storybooks should run

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[alisonjoseph]

@tay1orjones the React deploy keeps failing for some reason 🤔

[tay1orjones]

Yeah - we should hold off on this. We've found that workflows fail in the monorepo and we're reverting to v22 until all the actions are updated to use 24.

• Support node22 in runs.using for JavaScript actions actions/runner#3600 (comment)
• https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/

I'll update this PR to 22 instead.