(GsoC) Issue 3113: Improve error handling in bulk database operations

[KhanRayyan3622]

Description
This PR improves error handling in bulk database operations by implementing a more robust and efficient approach. The changes replace the recursive implementation with an iterative one, add proper error categorization, and implement better retry mechanisms with exponential backoff.

This PR fixes #3113

Key improvements:

• Replaced recursive approach with iterative implementation to prevent stack overflow
• Added proper error categorization and specific handling strategies
• Implemented exponential backoff with jitter for deadlock handling
• Added better logging and monitoring for database operations
• Created comprehensive tests for the new functionality

Changes made:

• New BulkOperationHandler class in application/db/bulk_operations.py
• Updated bulk_insert_dicts function in application/db/lib.py
• Added tests in tests/test_bulk_operations.py

Notes for Reviewers
The changes maintain backward compatibility while improving error handling and performance. The new implementation includes comprehensive tests to ensure reliability.

Signed commits

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