Add Python module support for multi-dimensional arrays

[jabraham17]

Adds Python module support for passing multi-dimensional Chapel arrays by reference and receiving multi-dimensional Python arrays. This is done by expanding our usage of the Python array buffer protocol, both as a producer (Chapel arrays by ref) and as a consumer (PyArray).

This PR contains a number of additional fixes for issues I found along the way, including some portability issues. I also updated some tests (bs4) to be cleaner and use nicer syntax.

• start_test test/library/packages/Python with COMM=none
• start_test test/library/packages/Python with COMM=gasnet
• start_test test/library/packages/Python --memLeaks with COMM=none

Future Work (#27073):

• Support native indexing/slicing of Chapel Array Shim objects for ND arrays
  • Currently uses need to do something like np.asarray first, and then index the numpy view of the Chapel array
• Print the shape of a Chapel Array Shim Object as apart of its string repr.
• Expose the shape of a Chapel Array Shim Object as a property of the class via PyGetSetDef.
• Consider supporting writable buffers

[Reviewed by @lydia-duncan]

[lydia-duncan]

Let's make the PR description a bit more extensive :)

Overall this seems like a great improvement and I'm excited to see the feature get merged. I've got some comments inline, some are minor, some are more important, and some are probably just questions for my own understanding.

[lydia-duncan]

Sweet, I think this is good to go!

[bradcray]

Hooray!