pkg,schema,internal: eliminate multierror.

.github/workflows/sanity.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 name: Sanity
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.19.x'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.20.x'
 
 jobs:
   build:

cmd/cdi/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/cmd/cdi
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.20
 
 require (
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1

cmd/validate/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/cmd/validate
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.20
 
 require tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.0.0
 

go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.20
 
 require (
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1

internal/validation/k8s/objectmeta.go

@@ -20,28 +20,27 @@ limitations under the License.
 package k8s
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
-
-	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/internal/multierror"
 )
 
 // TotalAnnotationSizeLimitB defines the maximum size of all annotations in characters.
 const TotalAnnotationSizeLimitB int = 256 * (1 << 10) // 256 kB
 
 // ValidateAnnotations validates that a set of annotations are correctly defined.
 func ValidateAnnotations(annotations map[string]string, path string) error {
-	errors := multierror.New()
+	errs := []error{}
 	for k := range annotations {
 		// The rule is QualifiedName except that case doesn't matter, so convert to lowercase before checking.
 		for _, msg := range IsQualifiedName(strings.ToLower(k)) {
-			errors = multierror.Append(errors, fmt.Errorf("%v.%v is invalid: %v", path, k, msg))
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%v.%v is invalid: %v", path, k, msg))
 		}
 	}
 	if err := ValidateAnnotationsSize(annotations); err != nil {
-		errors = multierror.Append(errors, fmt.Errorf("%v is too long: %v", path, err))
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%v is too long: %v", path, err))
 	}
-	return errors
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // ValidateAnnotationsSize validates that a set of annotations is not too large.

pkg/cdi/cache.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	oci "github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
-	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/internal/multierror"
 	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go"
 )
 
@@ -133,11 +132,11 @@ func (c *Cache) Refresh() error {
 	}
 
 	// collect and return cached errors, much like refresh() does it
-	var result error
-	for _, errors := range c.errors {
-		result = multierror.Append(result, errors...)
+	errs := []error{}
+	for _, specErrs := range c.errors {
+		errs = append(errs, errors.Join(specErrs...))
 	}
-	return result
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // Refresh the Cache by rescanning CDI Spec directories and files.
@@ -147,12 +146,10 @@ func (c *Cache) refresh() error {
 		devices    = map[string]*Device{}
 		conflicts  = map[string]struct{}{}
 		specErrors = map[string][]error{}
-		result     []error
 	)
 
 	// collect errors per spec file path and once globally
 	collectError := func(err error, paths ...string) {
-		result = append(result, err)
 		for _, path := range paths {
 			specErrors[path] = append(specErrors[path], err)
 		}
@@ -205,7 +202,11 @@ func (c *Cache) refresh() error {
 	c.devices = devices
 	c.errors = specErrors
 
-	return multierror.New(result...)
+	errs := []error{}
+	for _, specErrs := range specErrors {
+		errs = append(errs, errors.Join(specErrs...))
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // RefreshIfRequired triggers a refresh if necessary.

schema/schema.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"embed"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 
 	schema "github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema"
-	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/internal/multierror"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/internal/validation"
 )
 
@@ -333,11 +333,16 @@ func (e *Error) Error() string {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	var multi error
+	errs := []error{}
 	for _, err := range e.Result.Errors() {
-		multi = multierror.Append(multi, fmt.Errorf("%v", err))
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%v", err))
 	}
-	return multi.Error()
+
+	if err := errors.Join(errs...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", err)
+	}
+
+	return ""
 }
 
 var (