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Bibliography
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============
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.. [schoenberger_thesis] Johannes L. Schönberger. "Robust Methods for Accurate
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and Efficient 3D Modeling from Unstructured Imagery." ETH Zürich, 2018.
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.. [furukawa10] Furukawa, Yasutaka, and Jean Ponce.
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"Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis."
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Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2010.
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.. [hofer16] Hofer, M., Maurer, M., and Bischof, H.
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Efficient 3D Scene Abstraction Using Line Segments,
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2016.
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.. [jancosek11] Jancosek, Michal, and Tomás Pajdla.
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"Multi-view reconstruction preserving weakly-supported surfaces."
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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2011.
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.. [kazhdan2013] Kazhdan, Michael and Hoppe, Hugues
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"Screened poisson surface reconstruction."
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ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2013.
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.. [schoenberger16sfm] Schönberger, Johannes Lutz and Frahm, Jan-Michael.
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"Structure-from-Motion Revisited." Conference on Computer Vision and
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Pattern Recognition, 2016.
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.. [schoenberger16mvs] Schönberger, Johannes Lutz and Zheng, Enliang and
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Pollefeys, Marc and Frahm, Jan-Michael.
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"Pixelwise View Selection for Unstructured Multi-View Stereo."
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European Conference on Computer Vision, 2016.
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.. [schoenberger16vote] Schönberger, Johannes Lutz and Price, True and
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Sattler, Torsten and Frahm, Jan-Michael and Pollefeys, Marc
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"A Vote­-and­-Verify Strategy for Fast Spatial Verification in Image
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Retrieval." Asian Conference on Computer Vision, 2016.
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.. [lowe04] Lowe, David G. "Distinctive image features from scale-invariant
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keypoints". International journal of computer vision 60.2 (2004): 91-110.
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.. [wu13] Wu, Changchang. "Towards linear-time incremental structure from
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motion." International Conference 3D Vision, 2013.
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Camera Models
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=============
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COLMAP implements different camera models of varying complexity. If no intrinsic
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parameters are known a priori, it is generally best to use the simplest camera
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model that is complex enough to model the distortion effects:
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- ``SIMPLE_PINHOLE``, ``PINHOLE``: Use these camera models, if your images are
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undistorted a priori. These use one and two focal length parameters,
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respectively. Note that even in the case of undistorted images, COLMAP could
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try to improve the intrinsics with a more complex camera model.
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- ``SIMPLE_RADIAL``, ``RADIAL``: This should be the camera model of choice, if the
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intrinsics are unknown and every image has a different camera calibration,
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e.g., in the case of Internet photos. Both models are simplified versions of
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the ``OPENCV`` model only modeling radial distortion effects with one and two
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parameters, respectively.
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- ``OPENCV``, ``FULL_OPENCV``: Use these camera models, if you know the calibration
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parameters a priori. You can also try to let COLMAP estimate the parameters,
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if you share the intrinsics for multiple images. Note that the automatic
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estimation of parameters will most likely fail, if every image has a separate
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set of intrinsic parameters.
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- ``SIMPLE_RADIAL_FISHEYE``, ``RADIAL_FISHEYE``, ``OPENCV_FISHEYE``, ``FOV``,
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``THIN_PRISM_FISHEYE``, ``RAD_TAN_THIN_PRISM_FISHEYE``: Use these camera models
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for fisheye lenses and note that all other models are not really capable of
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modeling the distortion effects of fisheye lenses. The ``FOV`` model is used by
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Google Project Tango (make sure to not initialize ``omega`` to zero).
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You can inspect the estimated intrinsic parameters by double-clicking specific
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images in the model viewer or by exporting the model and opening the
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``cameras.txt`` file.
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To achieve optimal reconstruction results, you might have to try different
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camera models for your problem. Generally, when the reconstruction fails and the
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estimated focal length values / distortion coefficients are grossly wrong, it is
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a sign of using a too complex camera model. Contrary, if COLMAP uses many
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iterative local and global bundle adjustments, it is a sign of using a too
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simple camera model that is not able to fully model the distortion effects.
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You can also share intrinsics between multiple
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images to obtain more reliable results
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(see :ref:`Share intrinsic camera parameters <faq-share-intrinsics>`) or you can
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fix the intrinsic parameters during the reconstruction
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(see :ref:`Fix intrinsic camera parameters <faq-fix-intrinsics>`).
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Please, refer to the camera models header file for information on the parameters
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of the different camera models:
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https://github.com/colmap/colmap/blob/main/src/colmap/sensor/models.h
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.. _changelog:
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.. include:: ../CHANGELOG.rst

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