chore: upgrade to delta-kernel-rs 0.16.0 and remove more dependencies

[rtyler]

Supply chain attacks are on my mind lately for no good reason whatsoever, so
taking some time to purge unnecessary dependencies from our tree where I can
find it.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 89.37500% with 34 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 76.09%. Comparing base (38d8d7a) to head (795f8cd).
⚠️ Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...rates/core/src/operations/update_field_metadata.rs	0.00%	7 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/kernel/models/fields.rs	88.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
python/src/schema.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/kernel/arrow/engine_ext.rs	96.93%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
crates/core/src/kernel/models/actions.rs	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
crates/core/src/kernel/snapshot/mod.rs	89.28%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
crates/core/src/table/state.rs	0.00%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
crates/core/src/delta_datafusion/table_provider.rs	50.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
crates/core/src/kernel/schema/cast/merge_schema.rs	50.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
crates/core/src/operations/add_column.rs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
... and 3 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3773      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   76.06%   76.09%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         145      145              
  Lines       45025    45117      +92     
  Branches    45025    45117      +92     
==========================================
+ Hits        34249    34330      +81     
- Misses       9094     9098       +4     
- Partials     1682     1689       +7     

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[roeap]

👍