feat(collections/unstable): add non-exact binary search function

[lionel-rowe]

Towards #3069.

Note that this adds a new binarySearch function under collections, which operates on array-likes of sorted numbers/bigints/strings and implements the same semantics as C#'s Array.BinarySearch and Java's Arrays.binarySearch. It doesn't patch the existing BinarySearchTree under data-structures (@WWRS has a separate open PR for that: #6544).

assertEquals(binarySearch([0, 1], 0), 0)
assertEquals(binarySearch([0, 1], 1), 1)
assertEquals(binarySearch([0, 1], -0.5), -1) // (bitwise complement of 0)
assertEquals(binarySearch([0, 1], 0.5), -2) // (bitwise complement of 1)
assertEquals(binarySearch([0, 1], 1.5), -3) // (bitwise complement of 2)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.74%. Comparing base (096f0be) to head (cb26eda).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #6628   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.74%   94.74%           
=======================================
  Files         583      584    +1     
  Lines       46478    46497   +19     
  Branches     6523     6527    +4     
=======================================
+ Hits        44036    44055   +19     
  Misses       2399     2399           
  Partials       43       43           

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[kt3k]

👍