TypeBridge

A modern, Pythonic ORM for TypeDB with an Attribute-based API that aligns with TypeDB's type system.

Features

• True TypeDB Semantics: Attributes are independent types that entities and relations own
• Complete Type Support: All TypeDB value types - String, Integer, Double, Decimal, Boolean, Date, DateTime, DateTimeTZ, Duration
• Flag System: Clean API for @key, @unique, and @card annotations
• Flexible Cardinality: Express any cardinality constraint with Card(min, max)
• Pydantic Integration: Built on Pydantic v2 for automatic validation, serialization, and type safety
• Type-Safe: Full Python type hints and IDE autocomplete support
• Declarative Models: Define entities and relations using Python classes
• Automatic Schema Generation: Generate TypeQL schemas from your Python models
• Code Generator: Generate Python models from TypeQL schema files (.tql)
• Schema Conflict Detection: Automatic detection of breaking schema changes to prevent data loss
• Data Validation: Automatic type checking and coercion via Pydantic, including keyword validation
• JSON Support: Seamless JSON serialization/deserialization
• CRUD Operations: Full CRUD with fetching API (get, filter, all, update) for entities and relations
• Lifecycle Hooks: Pre/post-operation hooks for audit logging, validation, cache invalidation, and async notifications
• Chainable Operations: Filter, delete, and bulk update with method chaining and lambda functions
• Query Builder: Pythonic interface for building TypeQL queries
• Immutable Typed Queries: Owner-aware multi-model rows, named/collected pages, counts, and existence checks
• Multi-player Roles: A single role can accept multiple entity types via Role.multi(...)
• Transaction Context: Share transactions across multiple operations with TransactionContext
• Django-style Lookups: Filter with __contains, __gt, __in, __isnull and more
• Dict Helpers: to_dict() and from_dict() for easy serialization and API integration
• Bulk Operations: update_many() and delete_many() for efficient batch processing

Installation

# Install from PyPI
pip install type-bridge

# Or with uv
uv add type-bridge

From source:

git clone https://github.com/ds1sqe/type-bridge.git
cd type-bridge
PYO3_USE_ABI3_FORWARD_COMPATIBILITY=1 uv sync

The variable is needed only when building the current PyO3-based core from source on CPython 3.14 (and is harmless on 3.12–3.13); published abi3 wheels do not need it.

Quick Start

1. Define Attribute Types

TypeBridge supports all TypeDB value types:

from type_bridge import String, Integer, Double, Decimal, Boolean, Date, DateTime, DateTimeTZ, Duration

class Name(String):
    pass

class Age(Integer):
    pass

class Balance(Decimal):  # High-precision fixed-point numbers
    pass

class BirthDate(Date):  # Date-only values
    pass

class UpdatedAt(DateTimeTZ):  # Timezone-aware datetime
    pass

Configuring Attribute Type Names:

from type_bridge import AttributeFlags, TypeNameCase

# Option 1: Explicit name override
class Name(String):
    flags = AttributeFlags(name="person_name")
# TypeDB: attribute person_name, value string;

# Option 2: Case formatting
class UserEmail(String):
    flags = AttributeFlags(case=TypeNameCase.SNAKE_CASE)
# TypeDB: attribute user_email, value string;

2. Define Entities

from type_bridge import Entity, TypeFlags, Flag, Key, Card

class Person(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="person")  # Optional, defaults to lowercase class name

    # Use Flag() for key/unique markers and Card for cardinality
    name: Name = Flag(Key)                   # @key (implies @card(1..1))
    age: Age | None = None                   # @card(0..1) - optional field (explicit default)
    email: Email                             # @card(1..1) - default cardinality
    tags: list[Tag] = Flag(Card(min=2))      # @card(2..) - two or more (unordered set)

Note: This Flag(Card(...)) form is an unordered set; list[Type] describes its Python container shape, not an ordering guarantee. For TypeDB 3.12 schemas, use Flag(Ordered) to declare ordered owns attr[] ownership when order is part of the model.

3. Create Instances

# Create entity instances with attribute values (keyword arguments required)
alice = Person(
    name=Name("Alice"),
    age=Age(30),
    email=Email("alice@example.com")
)

# Pydantic handles validation and type coercion automatically
print(alice.name.value)  # "Alice"

4. Work with Data

from type_bridge import Database, SchemaManager

# Connect to database
db = Database(address="localhost:1729", database="mydb")
db.connect()
db.create_database()

# Define schema
schema_manager = SchemaManager(db)
schema_manager.register(Person, Company, Employment)
schema_manager.sync_schema()

# Insert entities - use typed instances
alice = Person(
    name=Name("Alice"),
    age=Age(30),
    email=Email("alice@example.com")
)
Person.manager(db).insert(alice)

# Or use PUT for idempotent insert (safe to run multiple times!)
Person.manager(db).put(alice)  # Won't create duplicates

# Insert relations - use typed instances
employment = Employment(
    employee=alice,
    employer=techcorp,
    position=Position("Engineer"),
    salary=Salary(100000)
)
Employment.manager(db).insert(employment)

5. Cardinality Constraints

from type_bridge import Card, Flag

class Person(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="person")

    # Cardinality options:
    name: Name                              # @card(1..1) - exactly one (default)
    age: Age | None = None                  # @card(0..1) - zero or one (explicit default)
    tags: list[Tag] = Flag(Card(min=2))     # @card(2..) - two or more (unbounded)
    skills: list[Skill] = Flag(Card(max=5)) # @card(0..5) - zero to five
    jobs: list[Job] = Flag(Card(1, 3))      # @card(1..3) - one to three

6. Define Relations

from type_bridge import Relation, TypeFlags, Role

class Employment(Relation):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="employment")

    # Define roles with type-safe Role[T] syntax
    employee: Role[Person] = Role("employee", Person)
    employer: Role[Company] = Role("employer", Company)

    # Relations can own attributes
    position: Position                   # @card(1..1)
    salary: Salary | None = None         # @card(0..1) - explicit default

# Multi-player role example (one role, multiple entity types)
class Document(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="document")
    name: Name = Flag(Key)

class Email(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="email")
    name: Name = Flag(Key)

class Trace(Relation):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="trace")
    origin: Role[Document | Email] = Role.multi("origin", Document, Email)

7. Using Python Inheritance

class Animal(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(abstract=True)  # Abstract entity
    name: Name

class Dog(Animal):  # Automatically: dog sub animal in TypeDB
    breed: Breed

8. Generate Models from TypeQL Schema

Instead of writing Python classes manually, generate them from your TypeQL schema:

# Generate Python models from a schema file
python -m type_bridge.generator schema.tql -o ./myapp/models/

Or programmatically:

from type_bridge.generator import generate_models

generate_models("schema.tql", "./myapp/models/")

This generates a complete Python package:

myapp/models/
├── __init__.py      # Package exports, SCHEMA_VERSION, schema_text()
├── attributes.py    # Attribute class definitions
├── entities.py      # Entity class definitions
├── relations.py     # Relation class definitions
├── registry.py      # Schema metadata, JSON Schema fragments, lookup functions
└── schema.tql       # Copy of original schema

The generator supports:

• Entity/relation/attribute inheritance (sub keyword)
• @key, @unique, @card constraints (including on plays and relates)
• @regex and @values constraints
• @abstract and @independent types
• @range(min..max) constraints (integers, floats, dates, datetimes)
• Role overrides (relates X as Y)
• TypeDB function definitions with precise return type hints
• Registry module generation for schema metadata and JSON Schema fragments
• Both # and // comment styles

See the Code Generator guide for full documentation.

Documentation

https://ds1sqe.github.io/type-bridge/ — Full documentation site with user guide, API reference, and development guides.

• Getting Started — Installation and quick start
• User Guide — Attributes, entities, relations, CRUD, queries, and more
• Immutable Typed Queries — Exact/subtype matching, typed output, paging, and transaction ownership
• API Reference — Auto-generated from source docstrings
• Development — Setup, testing, and internals

Pydantic Integration

TypeBridge is built on Pydantic v2, giving you powerful features:

class Person(Entity):
    flags = TypeFlags(name="person")
    name: Name = Flag(Key)
    age: Age

# Automatic validation and type coercion
alice = Person(name=Name("Alice"), age=Age(30))

# JSON serialization
json_data = alice.model_dump_json()

# JSON deserialization
bob = Person.model_validate_json('{"name": "Bob", "age": 25}')

# Model copying
alice_copy = alice.model_copy(update={"age": Age(31)})

Running Examples

TypeBridge includes comprehensive examples organized by complexity:

# Basic CRUD examples (start here!)
uv run python examples/basic/crud_01_define.py  # Schema definition
uv run python examples/basic/crud_02_insert.py  # Data insertion
uv run python examples/basic/crud_03_read.py    # Fetching API
uv run python examples/basic/crud_04_update.py  # Update operations

# Additional basic examples
uv run python examples/basic/crud_05_filter.py    # Advanced filtering
uv run python examples/basic/crud_06_aggregate.py # Aggregations
uv run python examples/basic/crud_07_delete.py    # Delete operations
uv run python examples/basic/crud_08_put.py       # Idempotent PUT operations

# Advanced examples
uv run python examples/advanced/schema_01_manager.py       # Schema operations
uv run python examples/advanced/schema_02_comparison.py    # Schema comparison
uv run python examples/advanced/schema_03_conflict.py      # Conflict detection
uv run python examples/advanced/features_01_pydantic.py    # Pydantic integration
uv run python examples/advanced/features_02_type_safety.py # Literal types
uv run python examples/advanced/query_01_expressions.py    # Query expressions
uv run python examples/advanced/validation_01_reserved_words.py  # Keyword validation

Running Tests

TypeBridge uses a two-tier testing approach with 100% test pass rate:

# Unit tests (fast, no external dependencies) - DEFAULT
uv run pytest                              # Run unit tests
uv run pytest tests/unit/attributes/ -v   # Test all 9 attribute types
uv run pytest tests/unit/core/ -v         # Test core functionality
uv run pytest tests/unit/flags/ -v        # Test flag system
uv run pytest tests/unit/expressions/ -v  # Test query expressions

# Integration tests (requires TypeDB; ./test.sh manages one by default)
# Option 1: Isolated (recommended) — test.sh brings up TypeDB and tears it down
./test.sh                                 # Full source-tree suite, isolated

# Option 2: Use an existing TypeDB server
./test.sh --no-isolated                   # Source-tree suite against a running TypeDB
USE_DOCKER=false uv run pytest -m integration -v  # Python integration only (~60s)

# Run specific integration test categories
uv run pytest tests/integration/crud/entities/ -v      # Entity CRUD tests
uv run pytest tests/integration/crud/relations/ -v    # Relation CRUD tests
uv run pytest tests/integration/queries/ -v           # Query expression tests
uv run pytest tests/integration/schema/ -v            # Schema operation tests

# All tests
uv run pytest -m "" -v                    # Run all Python tests
./test.sh                                 # Full source-tree suite, detailed
./scripts/check.sh                        # Source-tree CI checks (rust|python|node|all)

These local entry points do not claim release-artifact parity. Exact built-wheel and npm-tarball consumers run in CI, and the release workflow requires them before PyPI or npm publication.

Rust Core

The project includes a Rust core (type-bridge-core/) that provides high-performance implementations of the query compiler, validation engine, and value coercer. When the native extension is installed, Python automatically delegates to Rust for:

• Validation — up to 40x faster schema-aware query validation
• Compilation — up to 2.5x faster AST-to-TypeQL compilation via serde bridge
• Value coercion — Type-safe value coercion and TypeQL literal formatting

The Rust core is a Cargo workspace with five crates:

Crate	Description
type-bridge-core-lib	Pure-Rust AST, schema parser, query compiler, and validation engine
type-bridge-orm	Async ORM with entity/relation managers, chainable queries, and batch operations
type-bridge-orm-derive	Derive macros for TypeBridgeEntity, TypeBridgeRelation, TypeBridgeAttribute
type-bridge-core	PyO3 bindings exposing the Rust core to Python
type-bridge-server	Transport-agnostic query pipeline with interceptor chain and HTTP API

See type-bridge-core/README.md for build instructions and architecture details.

Requirements

• Python 3.12–3.14
• TypeDB 3.8.0–3.12.x server (see the compatibility table for the full support window; band-7, band-8, and band-9-native 3.12 servers are all served by one artifact)
• type-bridge-core>=1.5.11
• pydantic>=2.12.4
• isodate==0.7.2 (for Duration type support)
• jinja2>=3.1.0 (for code generation)
• typer>=0.15.0 (for CLI)
• typing-extensions>=4.12 (for Python 3.12 typed-facade compatibility)

typedb-driver is required only for direct Python driver APIs and development/integration tests; install via uv sync --extra dev or pip install type-bridge[typedb-driver]. The development extra selects driver 3.11.5 on CPython 3.12–3.13 for the default test server and driver 3.12.0 on CPython 3.14. The public driver extra permits supported 3.8–3.12 driver lines on CPython 3.12–3.13, so choose the line matching the target server; CPython 3.14 is limited to driver and server 3.12. The ORM's embedded runtime is unaffected. The ORM's embedded runtime handles band-7, band-8, and band-9-native 3.12 servers automatically. Confirmed 3.12 connections normally negotiate band 9; band 8 remains available for discovery/fallback. No extra install is needed for 3.8.x/3.10.x/3.12.x deployments.

Release Notes

See the CHANGELOG.md for detailed release notes and version history.

License

MIT License