Workplace health assessments and short to long-term cardiovascular risk: A propensity score-matched emulated target trial in 2,091,421 Swedish workers

Abstract

This study examines the association between Health Profile assessments and cardiovascular disease risk using an emulated target trial design with propensity score matching in a large Swedish worker population. We analyzed data from 2,091,421 workers to assess both instantaneous and time-varying effects of health assessments on cardiovascular outcomes.

Study design

• Design: Emulated target trial with propensity score matching
• Population: 2,091,421 Swedish workers
• Exposure: Health Profile assessments (HPA)
• Outcome: Cardiovascular disease events
• Analysis: Cox proportional hazards models, and flexible parametric models for timevarying hazard ratios andrestricted mean survival time differences

Key findings

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Main results

0. 00_table_1 Descriptive statistics and baseline characteristics of the study population, comparing workers who received Health Profile assessments versus controls after propensity score matching.

1. 01_instantenous_risk Forest plot showing hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease risk associated with Health Profile assessments across different subgroups vs controls.

2. 02_HR_time_varying Analysis of how the protective effect of Health Profile assessments varies over time.

3. 03_RMSTD Cumulative benefit analysis showing the absolute difference in cardiovascular disease-free survival time between Health Profile assessments and controls.