Use polars to read design matrix

[larsevj]

Issue
Resolves #my_issue

Approach
Short description of the approach

(Screenshot of new behavior in GUI if applicable)

• PR title captures the intent of the changes, and is fitting for release notes.
• Added appropriate release note label
• Commit history is consistent and clean, in line with the contribution guidelines.
• Make sure unit tests pass locally after every commit (git rebase -i main --exec 'just rapid-tests')

When applicable

• When there are user facing changes: Updated documentation
• New behavior or changes to existing untested code: Ensured that unit tests are added (See Ground Rules).
• Large PR: Prepare changes in small commits for more convenient review
• Bug fix: Add regression test for the bug
• Bug fix: Create Backport PR to latest release

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #10047 will not alter performance

_{Comparing larsevj:remove_pandas_multiindex_design_matrix (a202476) with main (b93b9d9)}

Summary

✅ 25 untouched benchmarks