feat(run): type worker failure receipts

[solomonneas]

Closes #576. Parent tracking issue: #474.

What changed

• define the closed 17-class worker-failure taxonomy and valid phase/retry contracts
• map current adapter failure kinds to normalized brigade.worker_failure.v1 values
• add normalized failures to failed worker and attempt receipts while retaining legacy fields
• keep run lifecycle, cancellation, skipped, held, and run-owned failures outside the worker taxonomy
• redact and bound normalized receipt detail

The two contextual retry cases remain expressible for later routing work: capacity failures may retry once when the provider supplies a delay, and reviewed invalid-final fallbacks may handle output-contract violations. Legacy receipts use conservative defaults.

Verification

brigade work verify run --target . --command "./scripts/verify" --capture brigade-work

Completed receipt: 20260726-233147-work-verify-cfdf0b.

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