Make the error type configurable

README.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Add the `twirp-build` crate as a build dependency in your `Cargo.toml` (you'll n
 ```toml
 # Cargo.toml
 [build-dependencies]
-twirp-build = "0.3"
+twirp-build = "0.7"
 prost-build = "0.13"
 ```
 
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ struct HaberdasherApiServer;
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl haberdash::HaberdasherApi for HaberdasherApiServer {
+    type Error = TwirpErrorResponse;
+
     async fn make_hat(&self, ctx: twirp::Context, req: MakeHatRequest) -> Result<MakeHatResponse, TwirpErrorResponse> {
         todo!()
     }

crates/twirp-build/src/lib.rs

@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@ impl prost_build::ServiceGenerator for ServiceGenerator {
         //
         writeln!(buf, "#[twirp::async_trait::async_trait]").unwrap();
         writeln!(buf, "pub trait {} {{", service_name).unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "    type Error;").unwrap();
         for m in &service.methods {
             writeln!(
                 buf,
-                "    async fn {}(&self, ctx: twirp::Context, req: {}) -> Result<{}, twirp::TwirpErrorResponse>;",
+                "    async fn {}(&self, ctx: twirp::Context, req: {}) -> Result<{}, Self::Error>;",
                 m.name, m.input_type, m.output_type,
             )
             .unwrap();
@@ -43,10 +44,11 @@ impl prost_build::ServiceGenerator for ServiceGenerator {
         writeln!(buf, "where").unwrap();
         writeln!(buf, "    T: {service_name} + Sync + Send").unwrap();
         writeln!(buf, "{{").unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "    type Error = T::Error;\n").unwrap();
         for m in &service.methods {
             writeln!(
                 buf,
-                "    async fn {}(&self, ctx: twirp::Context, req: {}) -> Result<{}, twirp::TwirpErrorResponse> {{",
+                "    async fn {}(&self, ctx: twirp::Context, req: {}) -> Result<{}, Self::Error> {{",
                 m.name, m.input_type, m.output_type,
             )
                 .unwrap();
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ impl prost_build::ServiceGenerator for ServiceGenerator {
             r#"pub fn router<T>(api: T) -> twirp::Router
 where
     T: {service_name} + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    <T as {service_name}>::Error: twirp::IntoTwirpResponse,
 {{
     twirp::details::TwirpRouterBuilder::new(api)"#,
         )

crates/twirp/src/client.rs

@@ -303,10 +303,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
-    #[ignore = "integration"]
     async fn test_standard_client() {
-        let h = run_test_server(3001).await;
-        let base_url = Url::parse("http://localhost:3001/twirp/").unwrap();
+        let h = run_test_server(3002).await;
+        let base_url = Url::parse("http://localhost:3002/twirp/").unwrap();
         let client = Client::from_base_url(base_url).unwrap();
         let resp = client
             .ping(PingRequest {

crates/twirp/src/details.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use axum::extract::{Request, State};
 use axum::Router;
 
-use crate::{server, Context, TwirpErrorResponse};
+use crate::{server, Context, IntoTwirpResponse};
 
 /// Builder object used by generated code to build a Twirp service.
 ///
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@ where
     ///
     /// The generated code passes a closure that calls the method, like
     /// `|api: Arc<HaberdasherApiServer>, req: MakeHatRequest| async move { api.make_hat(req) }`.
-    pub fn route<F, Fut, Req, Res>(self, url: &str, f: F) -> Self
+    pub fn route<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>(self, url: &str, f: F) -> Self
     where
         F: Fn(S, Context, Req) -> Fut + Clone + Sync + Send + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, TwirpErrorResponse>> + Send,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>> + Send,
         Req: prost::Message + Default + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
         Res: prost::Message + serde::Serialize,
+        Err: IntoTwirpResponse,
     {
         TwirpRouterBuilder {
             service: self.service,

crates/twirp/src/error.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,36 @@ use http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
 use hyper::{Response, StatusCode};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, Serializer};
 
+/// Trait for user-defined error types that can be converted to Twirp responses.
+pub trait IntoTwirpResponse {
+    /// Generate a Twirp response. This method *can* return any HTTP response, but it should return
+    /// one that complies with the Twirp standard; an easy way to do this is to use
+    /// [`TwirpErrorResponse`], e.g.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use axum::body::Body;
+    /// use http::Response;
+    /// use twirp::IntoTwirpResponse;
+    /// # struct MyError { message: String }
+    ///
+    /// impl IntoTwirpResponse for MyError {
+    ///     fn into_twirp_response(self) -> Response<Body> {
+    ///         // Use TwirpErrorResponse to generate a valid starting point
+    ///         let mut response = twirp::invalid_argument(&self.message)
+    ///             .into_twirp_response();
+    ///
+    ///         // Customize the response as desired.
+    ///         response.headers_mut().insert("X-Server-Pid", std::process::id().into());
+    ///         response
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The `Response` that `TwirpErrorResponse` generates can be used as a starting point,
+    /// adding headers and extensions to it.
+    fn into_twirp_response(self) -> Response<Body>;
+}
+
 /// Alias for a generic error
 pub type GenericError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
 
@@ -154,6 +184,12 @@ impl TwirpErrorResponse {
     }
 }
 
+impl IntoTwirpResponse for TwirpErrorResponse {
+    fn into_twirp_response(self) -> Response<Body> {
+        IntoResponse::into_response(self)
+    }
+}
+
 impl IntoResponse for TwirpErrorResponse {
     fn into_response(self) -> Response<Body> {
         let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();

crates/twirp/src/server.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use crate::headers::{CONTENT_TYPE_JSON, CONTENT_TYPE_PROTOBUF};
-use crate::{error, serialize_proto_message, Context, GenericError, TwirpErrorResponse};
+use crate::{error, serialize_proto_message, Context, GenericError, IntoTwirpResponse};
 
 // TODO: Properly implement JsonPb (de)serialization as it is slightly different
 // than standard JSON.
@@ -42,16 +42,17 @@ impl BodyFormat {
 }
 
 /// Entry point used in code generated by `twirp-build`.
-pub(crate) async fn handle_request<S, F, Fut, Req, Resp>(
+pub(crate) async fn handle_request<S, F, Fut, Req, Resp, Err>(
     service: S,
     req: Request<Body>,
     f: F,
 ) -> Response<Body>
 where
     F: FnOnce(S, Context, Req) -> Fut + Clone + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Resp, TwirpErrorResponse>> + Send,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Resp, Err>> + Send,
     Req: prost::Message + Default + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
     Resp: prost::Message + serde::Serialize,
+    Err: IntoTwirpResponse,
 {
     let mut timings = req
         .extensions()
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ where
             //     .insert(RequestError(err));
             let mut twirp_err = error::malformed("bad request");
             twirp_err.insert_meta("error".to_string(), err.to_string());
-            return twirp_err.into_response();
+            return twirp_err.into_twirp_response();
         }
     };
 
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ where
             // TODO: Capture original error in the response extensions.
             let mut twirp_err = error::unknown("error serializing response");
             twirp_err.insert_meta("error".to_string(), err.to_string());
-            return twirp_err.into_response();
+            return twirp_err.into_twirp_response();
         }
     };
     timings.set_response_written();
@@ -114,12 +115,13 @@ where
     Ok((request, parts.extensions, format))
 }
 
-fn write_response<T>(
-    response: Result<T, TwirpErrorResponse>,
+fn write_response<T, Err>(
+    response: Result<T, Err>,
     response_format: BodyFormat,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, GenericError>
 where
     T: prost::Message + Serialize,
+    Err: IntoTwirpResponse,
 {
     let res = match response {
         Ok(response) => match response_format {
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ where
                     .body(Body::from(data))?
             }
         },
-        Err(err) => err.into_response(),
+        Err(err) => err.into_twirp_response(),
     };
     Ok(res)
 }

example/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,5 +21,13 @@ prost-build = "0.13"
 prost-wkt-build = "0.6"
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "example-client"
-path = "src/bin/example-client.rs"
+name = "client"
+path = "src/bin/client.rs"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "simple-server"
+path = "src/bin/simple-server.rs"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "advanced-server"
+path = "src/bin/advanced-server.rs"

example/src/main.rs → example/src/bin/advanced-server.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//! This example is like simple-server but uses middleware and a custom error type.
+
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::time::UNIX_EPOCH;
 
@@ -6,7 +8,7 @@ use twirp::axum::body::Body;
 use twirp::axum::http;
 use twirp::axum::middleware::{self, Next};
 use twirp::axum::routing::get;
-use twirp::{invalid_argument, Context, Router, TwirpErrorResponse};
+use twirp::{invalid_argument, Context, IntoTwirpResponse, Router};
 
 pub mod service {
     pub mod haberdash {
@@ -48,15 +50,33 @@ pub async fn main() {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct HaberdasherApiServer;
 
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum HatError {
+    InvalidSize,
+}
+
+impl IntoTwirpResponse for HatError {
+    fn into_twirp_response(self) -> http::Response<Body> {
+        // Note: When converting a HatError to a response, since we want the server to be a twirp
+        // server, it's important to generate a response that follows the twirp standard. We do
+        // that here by using TwirpErrorResponse.
+        match self {
+            HatError::InvalidSize => invalid_argument("inches").into_twirp_response(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl haberdash::HaberdasherApi for HaberdasherApiServer {
+    type Error = HatError;
+
     async fn make_hat(
         &self,
         ctx: Context,
         req: MakeHatRequest,
-    ) -> Result<MakeHatResponse, TwirpErrorResponse> {
+    ) -> Result<MakeHatResponse, HatError> {
         if req.inches == 0 {
-            return Err(invalid_argument("inches"));
+            return Err(HatError::InvalidSize);
         }
 
         if let Some(id) = ctx.get::<RequestId>() {
@@ -118,7 +138,6 @@ mod test {
     use service::haberdash::v1::HaberdasherApiClient;
     use twirp::client::Client;
     use twirp::url::Url;
-    use twirp::TwirpErrorCode;
 
     use crate::service::haberdash::v1::HaberdasherApi;
 
@@ -141,7 +160,7 @@ mod test {
         let res = api.make_hat(ctx, MakeHatRequest { inches: 0 }).await;
         assert!(res.is_err());
         let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        assert_eq!(err.code, TwirpErrorCode::InvalidArgument);
+        assert_eq!(err, HatError::InvalidSize);
     }
 
     /// A running network server task, bound to an arbitrary port on localhost, chosen by the OS