Use an append-only buffer for the additions in the piecetable.

rta/src/main/java/com/gluonhq/richtextarea/model/AppendOnlyUnitBuffer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Gluon
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package com.gluonhq.richtextarea.model;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Append-only buffer used as the PieceTable Addition Buffer
+ */
+public class AppendOnlyUnitBuffer extends UnitBuffer {
+
+    int[] unitLengths = new int[4096];
+
+    @Override
+    public void append(List<Unit> units) {
+        ensureCapacity(unitList.size() + units.size());
+        for (Unit u: units) {
+            doAppend(u);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void append(Unit unit) {
+        ensureCapacity(unitList.size() + 1);
+        doAppend(unit);
+    }
+
+    private void doAppend(Unit unit) {
+        int idx = unitList.size();
+        int oldLength = idx == 0 ? 0 : unitLengths[idx-1];
+        unitLengths[idx]= oldLength + unit.length();
+        unitList.add(unit);
+        dirty = true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void insert(Unit unit, int position) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Do not insert in an append-only buffer");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove(int start, int end) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Do not remove from an append-only buffer");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Unit getUnitWithRange(int start, int end) {
+        if (start < 0 || unitList.isEmpty()) return new TextUnit("");
+        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(unitLengths, 0, unitList.size(), start);
+        if (index >=0) { // exact start at index
+            index = index+1;
+        } else { // no exact item found
+            index = -(index) -1;
+        }
+        return unitList.get(index); 
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int length() {
+        return unitList.isEmpty() ? 0 : unitLengths[unitList.size() - 1];
+    }
+
+    private void ensureCapacity(int required) {
+        if (required > unitLengths.length) {
+            int newCapacity = Math.max(unitLengths.length * 2, required);
+            unitLengths = Arrays.copyOf(unitLengths, newCapacity);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

rta/src/main/java/com/gluonhq/richtextarea/model/PieceTable.java

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 public final class PieceTable extends AbstractTextBuffer {
 
     final UnitBuffer originalText;
-    UnitBuffer additionBuffer = new UnitBuffer();
+    final AppendOnlyUnitBuffer additionBuffer = new AppendOnlyUnitBuffer();
 
     final List<Piece> pieces = new ArrayList<>();
     private final CommandManager<PieceTable> commander = new CommandManager<>(this);

rta/src/main/java/com/gluonhq/richtextarea/model/UnitBuffer.java

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ public class UnitBuffer {
             TextBuffer.ZERO_WIDTH_NO_BREAK_SPACE_TEXT + "([@#])([\\p{L}\\p{N}\\p{P}\\s]*)" + TextBuffer.ZERO_WIDTH_NO_BREAK_SPACE_TEXT,
             Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
 
-    private final List<Unit> unitList;
-    private volatile boolean dirty = true;
+    final List<Unit> unitList;
+    volatile boolean dirty = true;
     private String internalText = "";
 
     public UnitBuffer() {

rta/src/test/java/com/gluonhq/richtextarea/model/AppendOnlyUnitBufferTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Gluon
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GLUON BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package com.gluonhq.richtextarea.model;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author johan
+ */
+public class AppendOnlyUnitBufferTests {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCapacity() {
+        final AppendOnlyUnitBuffer additionBuffer = new AppendOnlyUnitBuffer();
+        int len = additionBuffer.unitLengths.length;
+        Assertions.assertTrue(len > 0);
+        int belowMax = (int)(len*.9);
+        for (int i = 0; i < belowMax; i++) {
+            TextUnit tu = new TextUnit("a");
+            additionBuffer.append(tu);
+        }
+        int len2 = additionBuffer.unitLengths.length;
+        Assertions.assertEquals(len, len2);
+        int aboveMax = (int)(len*1.1);
+        for (int i = belowMax; i < aboveMax; i++) {
+            TextUnit tu = new TextUnit("a");
+            additionBuffer.append(tu);
+        }
+        int len3 = additionBuffer.unitLengths.length;
+        Assertions.assertNotEquals(len, len3);
+    }
+}