fit: add Poly to fit polynomials

fit/poly.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright ©2025 The go-hep Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package fit // import "go-hep.org/x/hep/fit"
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"gonum.org/v1/gonum/mat"
+)
+
+// Poly fits a polynomial p of degree `degree` to points (x, y):
+//
+//	p(x) = p[0] * x^deg + ... + p[deg]
+func Poly(xs, ys []float64, degree int) ([]float64, error) {
+	var (
+		a = vandermonde(xs, degree+1)
+		b = mat.NewDense(len(ys), 1, ys)
+		o = make([]float64, degree+1)
+		c = mat.NewDense(degree+1, 1, o)
+	)
+
+	var qr mat.QR
+	qr.Factorize(a)
+
+	const trans = false
+	err := qr.SolveTo(c, trans, b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not solve QR: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	slices.Reverse(o)
+	return o, nil
+}
+
+func vandermonde(a []float64, d int) *mat.Dense {
+	x := mat.NewDense(len(a), d, nil)
+	for i := range a {
+		for j, p := 0, 1.0; j < d; j, p = j+1, p*a[i] {
+			x.Set(i, j, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return x
+}

fit/poly_example_test.go

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+// Copyright ©2025 The go-hep Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package fit_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"go-hep.org/x/hep/fit"
+)
+
+func ExamplePoly() {
+	var (
+		xs      = []float64{0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, +4.0, +5.0}
+		ys      = []float64{0.0, 0.8, 0.9, 0.1, -0.8, -1.0}
+		degree  = 3
+		zs, err = fit.Poly(xs, ys, degree)
+	)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("could not fit polynomial: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("z = %+.5f\n", zs)
+	// Output:
+	// z = [+0.08704 -0.81349 +1.69312 -0.03968]
+}