Jewish calendar: move value calculation to entity description

[tsvi]

Proposed change

Part 1 of Jewish calendar coordinator

This moves the calculation of the values to a results dataclass, which is then read from the entity description.

Next steps:

• Instead of creating 3 objects (daytime_date, after_tzais_date, and after_shkia_date), find a way to only update specific sensors and use a similar scheduling system as the one used by the binary sensor
• Merge the scheduling systems into a single coordinator

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes #
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