Add IterableDataset.reshard()

docs/source/package_reference/main_classes.mdx

@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ The base class [`IterableDataset`] implements an iterable Dataset backed by pyth
     - skip
     - take
     - shard
+    - reshard
     - repeat
     - to_csv
     - to_pandas

docs/source/stream.mdx

@@ -182,7 +182,21 @@ IterableDataset({
 })
 ```
 
-If your dataset has `dataset.num_shards==1`, you should chunk it using [`IterableDataset.skip`] and [`IterableDataset.take`] instead.
+To increase the number of shards of a dataset, you can use [`IterableDataset.reshard`]:
+
+```py
+>>> dataset.reshard()
+IterableDataset({
+    features: ['label', 'title', 'content'],
+    num_shards: 3600
+})
+```
+
+The resharding mechanism depends on the dataset file format.
+For example for Parquet, it reshards using row groups instead of having one file per shard.
+See how it works for every format in [`IterableDataset.reshard`]'s documentation.
+
+If your dataset has `dataset.num_shards==1` even after resharding, you should chunk it using [`IterableDataset.skip`] and [`IterableDataset.take`] instead.
 
 ## Interleave
 

docs/source/use_with_pytorch.mdx

@@ -255,3 +255,6 @@ then the shards are evenly assigned across the nodes, which is the most optimize
 Otherwise, each node keeps 1 example out of `world_size`, skipping the other examples.
 
 This can also be combined with a `torch.utils.data.DataLoader` if you want each node to use multiple workers to load the data.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> If you shuffle your iterable dataset in a distributed setup, make sure to set a fixed `seed` in [`IterableDataset.shuffle`] so the same shuffled list of shards is used on every node to know which shards the node should skip.

src/datasets/builder.py

@@ -1638,7 +1638,11 @@ def _download_and_prepare(self, dl_manager, verification_mode, **prepare_splits_
         )
 
     def _get_examples_iterable_for_split(self, split_generator: SplitGenerator) -> ExamplesIterable:
-        return ExamplesIterable(self._generate_examples, split_generator.gen_kwargs)
+        return ExamplesIterable(
+            self._generate_examples,
+            split_generator.gen_kwargs,
+            generate_more_kwargs_fn=getattr(self, "_generate_more_gen_kwargs", None),
+        )
 
 
 class ArrowBasedBuilder(DatasetBuilder):
@@ -1933,7 +1937,11 @@ def _prepare_split_single(
         )
 
     def _get_examples_iterable_for_split(self, split_generator: SplitGenerator) -> ExamplesIterable:
-        return ArrowExamplesIterable(self._generate_tables, kwargs=split_generator.gen_kwargs)
+        return ArrowExamplesIterable(
+            self._generate_tables,
+            kwargs=split_generator.gen_kwargs,
+            generate_more_kwargs_fn=getattr(self, "_generate_more_gen_kwargs", None),
+        )
 
 
 class _CountableBuilderMixin(DatasetBuilder):

src/datasets/combine.py

@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@ def interleave_datasets(
 
     Note for iterable datasets:
 
-    In a distributed setup or in PyTorch DataLoader workers, the stopping strategy is applied per process.
-    Therefore the "first_exhausted" strategy on an sharded iterable dataset can generate less samples in total (up to 1 missing sample per subdataset per worker).
+    * The resulting dataset's `num_shards` is the minimum of each dataset's `num_shards` to ensure good parallelism.
+      If some of your datasets have a very low number of shards, you may use [`IterableDataset.reshard`].
+    * In a distributed setup or in PyTorch DataLoader workers, the stopping strategy is applied per process.
+      Therefore the "first_exhausted" strategy on an sharded iterable dataset can generate less samples in total (up to 1 missing sample per subdataset per worker).
 
     Args:
         datasets (`List[Dataset]` or `List[IterableDataset]`):
@@ -170,10 +172,17 @@ def concatenate_datasets(
     axis: int = 0,
 ) -> DatasetType:
     """
-    Converts a list of [`Dataset`] with the same schema into a single [`Dataset`].
+    Concatenate several datasets (sources) into a single dataset.
+
+    Use axis=0 to concatenate vertically (default), or axis=1 to concatenate horizontally.
+
+    Note for iterable datasets:
+
+    * if axis=0, the resulting dataset's `num_shards` is the sum of each dataset's `num_shards`.
+    * if axis=1, the resulting dataset has one (1) shard to not misalign data.
 
     Args:
-        dsets (`List[datasets.Dataset]`):
+        dsets (`List[datasets.Dataset]` or `List[datasets.IterableDataset]`):
             List of Datasets to concatenate.
         info (`DatasetInfo`, *optional*):
             Dataset information, like description, citation, etc.

src/datasets/distributed.py

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ def split_dataset_by_node(dataset: DatasetType, rank: int, world_size: int) -> D
     then the shards are evenly assigned across the nodes, which is the most optimized.
     Otherwise, each node keeps 1 example out of `world_size`, skipping the other examples.
 
+    > [!WARNING]
+    > If you shuffle your iterable dataset in a distributed setup, make sure to set a fixed `seed` in [`IterableDataset.shuffle`]
+    so the same shuffled list of shards is used on every node to know which shards the node should skip.
+
     Args:
         dataset ([`Dataset`] or [`IterableDataset`]):
             The dataset to split by node.