Add Kubernetes deployment manifests for 3-tier chat application#24
Add Kubernetes deployment manifests for 3-tier chat application#24pks2906 wants to merge 2 commits intoiemafzalhassan:mainfrom
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📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThis pull request restructures Kubernetes manifests from YAML to YML file extensions, removes NodePort-based service exposure in favor of Ingress routing, consolidates secrets management, adds explicit PersistentVolume definitions, and substantially rewrites the README from Docker Compose-centric documentation to Kubernetes-native deployment guidance. Changes
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Actionable comments posted: 10
🧹 Nitpick comments (10)
k8s/frontend-deployment.yml (2)
19-26: Consider adding resource requests and limits.Without resource constraints, the container can consume unbounded resources, potentially affecting other workloads. Define at least resource requests for scheduling and limits to prevent resource exhaustion.
📊 Example resource configuration
- name: chat-app-frontend image: pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest ports: - containerPort: 80 + resources: + requests: + memory: "64Mi" + cpu: "50m" + limits: + memory: "128Mi" + cpu: "200m" env:🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/frontend-deployment.yml` around lines 19 - 26, Add resource requests and limits to the chat-app-frontend container definition to ensure proper scheduling and cgroup enforcement: in the container spec for name "chat-app-frontend" add a resources block with requests (at least cpu and memory) and limits (cpu and memory) using sensible values for your workload (e.g., small baseline requests and appropriate caps). Make sure the fields are placed under the same container spec as "image" and "ports" so Kubernetes can use requests for scheduling and limits to prevent resource exhaustion.
21-21: Avoid mutable:latesttag for production deployments.Using
:latestmakes deployments non-reproducible and can cause unexpected behavior when the image is updated. Pin to a specific version tag or digest.📌 Proposed fix
- image: pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest + image: pks2906/chat-app-frontend:v1.0.0 # Pin to specific version🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/frontend-deployment.yml` at line 21, The deployment currently uses a mutable image tag "pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest"; update the container image reference in the frontend Deployment's spec (the image field for the frontend container) to a fixed, immutable identifier such as a semantic version tag (e.g., pks2906/chat-app-frontend:v1.2.3) or an image digest (e.g., pks2906/chat-app-frontend@sha256:...) so deployments are reproducible and predictable; ensure the chosen tag/digest matches a published build and update any release pipeline or image promotion steps to set that specific tag.README.md (2)
27-27: Add language specifiers to fenced code blocks.Per markdownlint MD040, fenced code blocks should specify a language for syntax highlighting and accessibility. The architecture diagram (line 27) and project structure (line 76) blocks are missing language identifiers.
📝 Proposed fix
-``` +```text User |-``` +```text k8s-chat-application │Also applies to: 76-76
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@README.md` at line 27, The fenced code blocks that render the architecture diagram and project structure are missing language specifiers; update the two code fences that contain the lines starting with "User" and "k8s-chat-application" to include a language identifier (e.g., add ```text immediately after the opening fence) so markdownlint MD040 is satisfied and syntax highlighting/accessibility are preserved.
223-225: Port-forward command references incorrect service name.The example uses
frontend-servicebut based on the manifest conventions in this PR, the service is likely namedfrontend. Verify and update to match the actual service name.📝 Proposed fix
-kubectl port-forward service/frontend-service 3000:3000 +kubectl port-forward service/frontend 3000:80Note: Also updated port mapping since frontend service exposes port 80 per
k8s/ingress.yml.🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@README.md` around lines 223 - 225, Update the kubectl port-forward example to use the correct service name and port mapping: replace references to the old service name "frontend-service" with "frontend" and change the mapping from 3000:3000 to 3000:80 (since the frontend service exposes port 80). Ensure the example command shows kubectl port-forward service/frontend 3000:80 so it matches the actual Kubernetes service configuration.k8s/ingress.yml (1)
12-13: Consider adding a fallback rule without host restriction.The Ingress only routes traffic for
host: chat-tws.com. During development or testing, requests without this host header (e.g., via IP or localhost) will not be routed. Consider whether a host-less rule is needed for local testing, or document that/etc/hostsmust be configured.🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/ingress.yml` around lines 12 - 13, Ingress currently only has a host-specific rule (host: chat-tws.com) so requests without that Host header (IP/localhost) won’t be routed; add a fallback host-less rule or a defaultBackend entry in the Ingress resource to catch requests without the host header (or alternately document that /etc/hosts must map chat-tws.com to the cluster IP for local testing). Update the rules section to include either an additional rule entry without a host (to match any host) or configure spec.defaultBackend, and ensure the same serviceName/servicePort (the existing backend/service references) are used so traffic still reaches the intended Service.k8s/backend-deployment.yml (3)
19-35: Consider adding resource limits, probes, and replica configuration.The deployment lacks:
- Resource requests/limits (can cause resource contention or OOM)
- Liveness/readiness probes (Kubernetes can't detect unhealthy pods)
- Only 1 replica (no high availability)
These are good practices for production readiness.
♻️ Example additions
containers: - name: chat-app-backend image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:v1.0.0 resources: requests: memory: "128Mi" cpu: "100m" limits: memory: "512Mi" cpu: "500m" livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 5001 initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 5001 initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 5🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml` around lines 19 - 35, Add production-ready Pod settings: update the Deployment spec to increase replicas from 1 to a higher number (e.g., 2-3) and add resource requests/limits under the container named "chat-app-backend" (provide CPU/memory requests and limits to prevent OOM and noisy neighbor issues), and configure livenessProbe and readinessProbe for the same container using an HTTP GET to the /health path on port 5001 with sensible initialDelaySeconds and periodSeconds. Ensure probes reference containerPort 5001 and that resource values are conservative (e.g., requests smaller than limits) and add these changes alongside existing env vars (NODE_ENV, MONGODB_URI, JWT_SECRET, PORT) so they live in the same container spec.
20-21: Avoid using:latesttag for production deployments.Using
image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:latestmakes deployments non-reproducible and can cause unexpected behavior when the image is updated. Pin to a specific version tag (e.g.,v1.0.0or a commit SHA).♻️ Proposed fix
- image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest + image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:v1.0.0🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml` around lines 20 - 21, The deployment uses an unpinned image tag "pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest" for the container named "chat-app-backend", which makes deployments non-reproducible; update the image field in the backend deployment to a fixed tag or digest (for example a semver tag like v1.0.0 or an immutable SHA digest) so the "image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest" reference is replaced with a pinned identifier ensuring predictable, repeatable deployments.
18-35: Add security context to harden the container.The container runs with default security context, allowing root privileges and privilege escalation. Static analysis (Trivy KSV-0014, KSV-0118, Checkov CKV_K8S_20, CKV_K8S_23) flags this as a security concern. Add explicit security constraints.
🛡️ Proposed security context
spec: + securityContext: + runAsNonRoot: true + runAsUser: 1000 + fsGroup: 1000 containers: - name: chat-app-backend image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest + securityContext: + allowPrivilegeEscalation: false + readOnlyRootFilesystem: true + capabilities: + drop: + - ALL ports: - containerPort: 5001Note:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: truemay require adding writableemptyDirvolumes for temp/log directories if the application writes to disk.🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml` around lines 18 - 35, Add explicit pod- and container-level securityContext to harden the chat-app-backend container: set pod spec.securityContext with runAsNonRoot: true and a non-root runAsUser (e.g., 1000) and/or fsGroup, and add containers[name: chat-app-backend].securityContext with allowPrivilegeEscalation: false, readOnlyRootFilesystem: true, capabilities: drop all, and seccompProfile: { type: RuntimeDefault } (or RuntimeDefault equivalent); if readOnlyRootFilesystem breaks app writes, create writable emptyDir volumes and mount them for temp/log paths. Update the spec to include these securityContext fields for chat-app-backend and any required volume mounts to preserve functionality.k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml (2)
20-21: Avoid using:latesttag for database images.Using
mongo:latestis particularly risky for databases as major version upgrades can introduce breaking changes or require data migrations. Pin to a specific version (e.g.,mongo:7.0).♻️ Proposed fix
- image: mongo:latest + image: mongo:7.0🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml` around lines 20 - 21, Replace the unpinned image reference "image: mongo:latest" for the container named "chat-app-mongodb" with a specific, tested MongoDB minor version (for example "image: mongo:7.0") in the mongodb deployment manifest; update the "image:" value in the block where name: chat-app-mongodb is defined, set imagePullPolicy to IfNotPresent (if not already set), and ensure you run the helm/kubectl rollout in a test environment and have backups/migrations ready before applying to production.
18-28: Add security context to harden the MongoDB container.Similar to the backend deployment, this container lacks security context configuration. While MongoDB has specific requirements (it needs write access to
/data/db), you can still restrict privilege escalation and drop unnecessary capabilities.🛡️ Proposed security context
spec: + securityContext: + fsGroup: 999 # mongodb group containers: - name: chat-app-mongodb image: mongo:latest + securityContext: + allowPrivilegeEscalation: false + capabilities: + drop: + - ALL + add: + - CHOWN + - SETGID + - SETUID🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed. In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml` around lines 18 - 28, Add a pod- and container-level securityContext for the chat-app-mongodb container: set podSpec securityContext with runAsUser and fsGroup appropriate for MongoDB (so the process can still write to /data/db), and inside the container spec (container name chat-app-mongodb) add securityContext with allowPrivilegeEscalation: false, drop capabilities (capabilities: drop: ["ALL"]), and avoid making the root filesystem writable unless required; ensure the existing volumeMount for /data/db remains writable by the runAsUser/fsGroup so Mongo can start.
🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
Inline comments:
In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 27-28: The MONGODB_URI contains hardcoded credentials; extract
credentials into a Kubernetes Secret (e.g., keys mongodb-username and
mongodb-password or a single mongodb-uri) and update the Deployment env to
reference them via valueFrom.secretKeyRef instead of embedding plaintext.
Specifically, create a Secret with keys like mongodb-username and
mongodb-password (or mongodb-uri) and replace the env entry named MONGODB_URI
with secret references: either set MONGODB_USERNAME and MONGODB_PASSWORD from
secretKeyRef and let your application build the URI at runtime, or store the
full URI in the Secret as mongodb-uri and set MONGODB_URI.valueFrom.secretKeyRef
to that key.
In `@k8s/frontend-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 18-26: The container spec for chat-app-frontend lacks a
securityContext; update the spec.containers entry for name: chat-app-frontend to
include a securityContext that enforces non-root execution (e.g., runAsNonRoot:
true and runAsUser to a non-root UID), disallows privilege escalation
(allowPrivilegeEscalation: false), drops capabilities (capabilities: drop:
["ALL"]), enables readOnlyRootFilesystem: true and a restrictive seccompProfile,
and set fsGroup/runAsGroup as needed; because nginx needs writable runtime/cache
dirs, add emptyDir volumes and corresponding volumeMounts for /var/cache/nginx
and /var/run so the read-only root filesystem still allows those writable paths.
In `@k8s/ingress.yml`:
- Around line 8-29: The nginx ingress annotation
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / is stripping the /api prefix and
causing 404s because backend routes in backend/src/index.js register under
/api/auth and /api/messages; either remove the rewrite-target annotation
entirely from the ingress annotations block, or change the /api path entry to
use a regex path (e.g., capture group for the suffix) and set rewrite-target to
preserve the /api prefix (use a capture-based rewrite such that /api/... is
forwarded with the /api prefix intact) so requests to paths under the path:
"/api" backend service name: backend port number: 5001 reach the same /api/...
routes the backend expects.
In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 29-32: The manifest defines a volume named "mongo-data" backed by
the PVC "mongodb-pvc" but never mounts it into the MongoDB container; update the
container spec (containers[...] for the MongoDB container) to add a volumeMount
entry that references name: mongo-data and sets mountPath: /data/db (the MongoDB
data directory) so data persists across restarts; ensure the container's
securityContext/permissions allow writing to that mount if present.
- Around line 25-28: Replace the hardcoded MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME and
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD env values with references to a Kubernetes Secret:
create a Secret containing keys (e.g. mongo-root-username, mongo-root-password)
and in the mongodb Deployment container env use valueFrom.secretKeyRef for
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME and MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD (analogous to how
JWT_SECRET is sourced in the backend deployment) so credentials are not stored
in plaintext in the manifest.
In `@k8s/mongodb-pv.yml`:
- Around line 3-5: The PersistentVolume resource named "mongodb-pv" incorrectly
includes a metadata.namespace field which has no effect for cluster-scoped
resources; remove the namespace key from the metadata block in the
PersistentVolume manifest (the resource defining mongodb-pv) so the YAML only
contains metadata.name and other PV fields to avoid confusion.
- Around line 11-12: The PV currently uses hostPath with path: /data which is
node-local and risks data loss; update the PersistentVolume in
k8s/mongodb-pv.yml to use one of two fixes: (A) convert to networked storage by
switching from hostPath to a proper network-backed volume (e.g., set
storageClassName and rely on a PVC) or (B) if you must keep node-local for
single-node dev, add a nodeAffinity block to the PersistentVolume (so it binds
to a specific node) and add a matching nodeSelector under the mongodb Deployment
template.spec (in k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml) to pin the pod to the same node;
also change the generic path from /data to a more specific directory (e.g.,
/var/lib/mongodb-data) to avoid collisions.
In `@k8s/mongodb-pvc.yml`:
- Around line 1-11: The PVC named mongodb-pvc may not bind to the
manually-created PersistentVolume mongodb-pv; update the mongodb-pvc spec to
explicitly target the intended PV by adding either volumeName: mongodb-pv, or a
matching storageClassName that equals the PV's storageClassName (or "" on both
to disable dynamic provisioning), or add a selector with matching labels between
the PVC and the PV; modify the spec for PersistentVolumeClaim (metadata name:
mongodb-pvc) accordingly so the PV/PVC binding is deterministic.
In `@k8s/secrets.yml`:
- Around line 7-8: Remove the hardcoded JWT under the data.jwt key in the
manifest and replace it with a placeholder value (e.g.,
"<REPLACE_WITH_SECRET>"), add a comment/instructions that this secret must be
created out-of-band (kubectl create secret or via your secret manager /
SealedSecrets / external-secrets operator), and update any README or deployment
docs to show how to provision the jwt secret for the chat app; ensure the
committed YAML contains no real token values so only placeholders remain in the
repo history.
In `@README.md`:
- Around line 76-110: The README references a kubernetes/ directory layout
(e.g., kubernetes/namespace/, kubernetes/backend/) but the manifests actually
live under k8s/ with a different structure, causing broken kubectl commands;
update README.md to use the real paths (replace kubernetes/ references with k8s/
and adjust subdirectory examples) or alternatively update the repo structure to
create a kubernetes/ directory matching the documented tree; ensure the example
kubectl commands match the chosen approach (for the current flat k8s/ layout
prefer a single example like kubectl apply -f k8s/) and update all other
occurrences (including the later section mentioned, lines 172-197) so paths are
consistent.
---
Nitpick comments:
In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 19-35: Add production-ready Pod settings: update the Deployment
spec to increase replicas from 1 to a higher number (e.g., 2-3) and add resource
requests/limits under the container named "chat-app-backend" (provide CPU/memory
requests and limits to prevent OOM and noisy neighbor issues), and configure
livenessProbe and readinessProbe for the same container using an HTTP GET to the
/health path on port 5001 with sensible initialDelaySeconds and periodSeconds.
Ensure probes reference containerPort 5001 and that resource values are
conservative (e.g., requests smaller than limits) and add these changes
alongside existing env vars (NODE_ENV, MONGODB_URI, JWT_SECRET, PORT) so they
live in the same container spec.
- Around line 20-21: The deployment uses an unpinned image tag
"pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest" for the container named "chat-app-backend",
which makes deployments non-reproducible; update the image field in the backend
deployment to a fixed tag or digest (for example a semver tag like v1.0.0 or an
immutable SHA digest) so the "image: pks2906/chat-app-backend:latest" reference
is replaced with a pinned identifier ensuring predictable, repeatable
deployments.
- Around line 18-35: Add explicit pod- and container-level securityContext to
harden the chat-app-backend container: set pod spec.securityContext with
runAsNonRoot: true and a non-root runAsUser (e.g., 1000) and/or fsGroup, and add
containers[name: chat-app-backend].securityContext with
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false, readOnlyRootFilesystem: true, capabilities:
drop all, and seccompProfile: { type: RuntimeDefault } (or RuntimeDefault
equivalent); if readOnlyRootFilesystem breaks app writes, create writable
emptyDir volumes and mount them for temp/log paths. Update the spec to include
these securityContext fields for chat-app-backend and any required volume mounts
to preserve functionality.
In `@k8s/frontend-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 19-26: Add resource requests and limits to the chat-app-frontend
container definition to ensure proper scheduling and cgroup enforcement: in the
container spec for name "chat-app-frontend" add a resources block with requests
(at least cpu and memory) and limits (cpu and memory) using sensible values for
your workload (e.g., small baseline requests and appropriate caps). Make sure
the fields are placed under the same container spec as "image" and "ports" so
Kubernetes can use requests for scheduling and limits to prevent resource
exhaustion.
- Line 21: The deployment currently uses a mutable image tag
"pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest"; update the container image reference in the
frontend Deployment's spec (the image field for the frontend container) to a
fixed, immutable identifier such as a semantic version tag (e.g.,
pks2906/chat-app-frontend:v1.2.3) or an image digest (e.g.,
pks2906/chat-app-frontend@sha256:...) so deployments are reproducible and
predictable; ensure the chosen tag/digest matches a published build and update
any release pipeline or image promotion steps to set that specific tag.
In `@k8s/ingress.yml`:
- Around line 12-13: Ingress currently only has a host-specific rule (host:
chat-tws.com) so requests without that Host header (IP/localhost) won’t be
routed; add a fallback host-less rule or a defaultBackend entry in the Ingress
resource to catch requests without the host header (or alternately document that
/etc/hosts must map chat-tws.com to the cluster IP for local testing). Update
the rules section to include either an additional rule entry without a host (to
match any host) or configure spec.defaultBackend, and ensure the same
serviceName/servicePort (the existing backend/service references) are used so
traffic still reaches the intended Service.
In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml`:
- Around line 20-21: Replace the unpinned image reference "image: mongo:latest"
for the container named "chat-app-mongodb" with a specific, tested MongoDB minor
version (for example "image: mongo:7.0") in the mongodb deployment manifest;
update the "image:" value in the block where name: chat-app-mongodb is defined,
set imagePullPolicy to IfNotPresent (if not already set), and ensure you run the
helm/kubectl rollout in a test environment and have backups/migrations ready
before applying to production.
- Around line 18-28: Add a pod- and container-level securityContext for the
chat-app-mongodb container: set podSpec securityContext with runAsUser and
fsGroup appropriate for MongoDB (so the process can still write to /data/db),
and inside the container spec (container name chat-app-mongodb) add
securityContext with allowPrivilegeEscalation: false, drop capabilities
(capabilities: drop: ["ALL"]), and avoid making the root filesystem writable
unless required; ensure the existing volumeMount for /data/db remains writable
by the runAsUser/fsGroup so Mongo can start.
In `@README.md`:
- Line 27: The fenced code blocks that render the architecture diagram and
project structure are missing language specifiers; update the two code fences
that contain the lines starting with "User" and "k8s-chat-application" to
include a language identifier (e.g., add ```text immediately after the opening
fence) so markdownlint MD040 is satisfied and syntax highlighting/accessibility
are preserved.
- Around line 223-225: Update the kubectl port-forward example to use the
correct service name and port mapping: replace references to the old service
name "frontend-service" with "frontend" and change the mapping from 3000:3000 to
3000:80 (since the frontend service exposes port 80). Ensure the example command
shows kubectl port-forward service/frontend 3000:80 so it matches the actual
Kubernetes service configuration.
ℹ️ Review info
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Configuration used: defaults
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Plan: Pro
Run ID: ada9843a-d3e5-4845-97a6-72c2ef8a2937
📒 Files selected for processing (18)
README.mdk8s/README.mdk8s/backend-deployment.yamlk8s/backend-deployment.ymlk8s/backend-secrets.yamlk8s/backend-service.ymlk8s/frontend-configmap.yamlk8s/frontend-deployment.yamlk8s/frontend-deployment.ymlk8s/frontend-service.ymlk8s/ingress.ymlk8s/kind-config.yamlk8s/mongodb-deployment.ymlk8s/mongodb-pv.ymlk8s/mongodb-pvc.ymlk8s/mongodb-service.ymlk8s/namespace.ymlk8s/secrets.yml
💤 Files with no reviewable changes (6)
- k8s/README.md
- k8s/backend-deployment.yaml
- k8s/kind-config.yaml
- k8s/frontend-configmap.yaml
- k8s/frontend-deployment.yaml
- k8s/backend-secrets.yaml
| - name: MONGODB_URI | ||
| value: "mongodb://mongoadmin:secret@mongodb:27017/dbname?authSource=admin" |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Security: Hardcoded database credentials in plain text.
The MONGODB_URI contains credentials (mongoadmin:secret) in plain text. This exposes secrets in manifests, version control, and kubectl describe output. Extract credentials to a Kubernetes Secret and reference them via secretKeyRef.
🔒 Proposed fix using secrets
Update k8s/secrets.yml to include MongoDB credentials:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: chatapp-secrets
namespace: chat-app
type: Opaque
stringData:
jwt: "<your-jwt-secret>"
mongodb-username: "mongoadmin"
mongodb-password: "secret"Then reference in deployment:
- name: MONGODB_URI
- value: "mongodb://mongoadmin:secret@mongodb:27017/dbname?authSource=admin"
+ value: "mongodb://$(MONGO_USER):$(MONGO_PASS)@mongodb:27017/dbname?authSource=admin"
+ - name: MONGO_USER
+ valueFrom:
+ secretKeyRef:
+ name: chatapp-secrets
+ key: mongodb-username
+ - name: MONGO_PASS
+ valueFrom:
+ secretKeyRef:
+ name: chatapp-secrets
+ key: mongodb-password🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/backend-deployment.yml` around lines 27 - 28, The MONGODB_URI contains
hardcoded credentials; extract credentials into a Kubernetes Secret (e.g., keys
mongodb-username and mongodb-password or a single mongodb-uri) and update the
Deployment env to reference them via valueFrom.secretKeyRef instead of embedding
plaintext. Specifically, create a Secret with keys like mongodb-username and
mongodb-password (or mongodb-uri) and replace the env entry named MONGODB_URI
with secret references: either set MONGODB_USERNAME and MONGODB_PASSWORD from
secretKeyRef and let your application build the URI at runtime, or store the
full URI in the Secret as mongodb-uri and set MONGODB_URI.valueFrom.secretKeyRef
to that key.
| spec: | ||
| containers: | ||
| - name: chat-app-frontend | ||
| image: pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest | ||
| ports: | ||
| - containerPort: 80 | ||
| env: | ||
| - name: NODE_ENV | ||
| value: production No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Add security context to harden the container.
Static analysis (Trivy, Checkov) correctly flags that the container uses default security settings, which allows privilege escalation and runs as root. Nginx can run as non-root.
🛡️ Proposed fix to add security context
spec:
containers:
- name: chat-app-frontend
image: pks2906/chat-app-frontend:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
+ securityContext:
+ allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+ runAsNonRoot: true
+ runAsUser: 101 # nginx user
+ readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+ capabilities:
+ drop:
+ - ALL
env:
- name: NODE_ENV
value: production
+ volumes:
+ - name: nginx-cache
+ emptyDir: {}
+ - name: nginx-run
+ emptyDir: {}Note: You may need to mount emptyDir volumes for nginx's writable directories (/var/cache/nginx, /var/run) if using readOnlyRootFilesystem.
🧰 Tools
🪛 Checkov (3.2.334)
[medium] 1-26: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation
(CKV_K8S_20)
[medium] 1-26: Minimize the admission of root containers
(CKV_K8S_23)
🪛 Trivy (0.69.2)
[error] 20-26: Root file system is not read-only
Container 'chat-app-frontend' of Deployment 'frontend-deployment' should set 'securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem' to true
Rule: KSV-0014
(IaC/Kubernetes)
[error] 20-26: Default security context configured
container frontend-deployment in chat-app namespace is using the default security context
Rule: KSV-0118
(IaC/Kubernetes)
[error] 18-26: Default security context configured
deployment frontend-deployment in chat-app namespace is using the default security context, which allows root privileges
Rule: KSV-0118
(IaC/Kubernetes)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/frontend-deployment.yml` around lines 18 - 26, The container spec for
chat-app-frontend lacks a securityContext; update the spec.containers entry for
name: chat-app-frontend to include a securityContext that enforces non-root
execution (e.g., runAsNonRoot: true and runAsUser to a non-root UID), disallows
privilege escalation (allowPrivilegeEscalation: false), drops capabilities
(capabilities: drop: ["ALL"]), enables readOnlyRootFilesystem: true and a
restrictive seccompProfile, and set fsGroup/runAsGroup as needed; because nginx
needs writable runtime/cache dirs, add emptyDir volumes and corresponding
volumeMounts for /var/cache/nginx and /var/run so the read-only root filesystem
still allows those writable paths.
| annotations: | ||
| nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / | ||
| nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false" | ||
| spec: | ||
| rules: | ||
| - host: chat-tws.com | ||
| http: | ||
| paths: | ||
| - pathType: Prefix | ||
| path: "/" | ||
| backend: | ||
| service: | ||
| name: frontend | ||
| port: | ||
| number: 80 | ||
| - pathType: Prefix | ||
| path: "/api" | ||
| backend: | ||
| service: | ||
| name: backend | ||
| port: | ||
| number: 5001 No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Critical: rewrite-target: / breaks backend API routing.
The rewrite-target: / annotation strips the matched path prefix before forwarding. Requests to /api/auth/signup will be rewritten to /auth/signup, but the backend (see backend/src/index.js:31-32) registers routes under /api/auth and /api/messages. This causes 404 errors for all API calls.
Either remove the rewrite annotation or adjust it to preserve the /api prefix for the backend route:
🐛 Option 1: Remove rewrite-target (simpler)
annotations:
- nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"🐛 Option 2: Use capture groups to preserve /api prefix
annotations:
- nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
+ nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
spec:
rules:
- host: chat-tws.com
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
- path: "/"
+ path: "/()(.*)
backend:
service:
name: frontend
port:
number: 80
- pathType: Prefix
- path: "/api"
+ path: "/api(/|$)(.*)"
backend:
service:
name: backend📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| annotations: | |
| nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / | |
| nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false" | |
| spec: | |
| rules: | |
| - host: chat-tws.com | |
| http: | |
| paths: | |
| - pathType: Prefix | |
| path: "/" | |
| backend: | |
| service: | |
| name: frontend | |
| port: | |
| number: 80 | |
| - pathType: Prefix | |
| path: "/api" | |
| backend: | |
| service: | |
| name: backend | |
| port: | |
| number: 5001 | |
| annotations: | |
| nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false" | |
| spec: | |
| rules: | |
| - host: chat-tws.com | |
| http: | |
| paths: | |
| - pathType: Prefix | |
| path: "/" | |
| backend: | |
| service: | |
| name: frontend | |
| port: | |
| number: 80 | |
| - pathType: Prefix | |
| path: "/api" | |
| backend: | |
| service: | |
| name: backend | |
| port: | |
| number: 5001 |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/ingress.yml` around lines 8 - 29, The nginx ingress annotation
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / is stripping the /api prefix and
causing 404s because backend routes in backend/src/index.js register under
/api/auth and /api/messages; either remove the rewrite-target annotation
entirely from the ingress annotations block, or change the /api path entry to
use a regex path (e.g., capture group for the suffix) and set rewrite-target to
preserve the /api prefix (use a capture-based rewrite such that /api/... is
forwarded with the /api prefix intact) so requests to paths under the path:
"/api" backend service name: backend port number: 5001 reach the same /api/...
routes the backend expects.
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME | ||
| value: root | ||
| value: mongoadmin | ||
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD | ||
| value: admin | ||
| volumeMounts: | ||
| - name: mongo-data | ||
| mountPath: /data/db | ||
| value: secret |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Security: Hardcoded database credentials in plain text.
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME and MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD are hardcoded. These should be sourced from a Kubernetes Secret to avoid exposing credentials in manifests and version control. This also aligns with how JWT_SECRET is handled in the backend deployment.
🔒 Proposed fix using secrets
env:
- name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME
- value: mongoadmin
+ valueFrom:
+ secretKeyRef:
+ name: chatapp-secrets
+ key: mongodb-username
- name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD
- value: secret
+ valueFrom:
+ secretKeyRef:
+ name: chatapp-secrets
+ key: mongodb-password📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME | |
| value: root | |
| value: mongoadmin | |
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD | |
| value: admin | |
| volumeMounts: | |
| - name: mongo-data | |
| mountPath: /data/db | |
| value: secret | |
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME | |
| valueFrom: | |
| secretKeyRef: | |
| name: chatapp-secrets | |
| key: mongodb-username | |
| - name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD | |
| valueFrom: | |
| secretKeyRef: | |
| name: chatapp-secrets | |
| key: mongodb-password |
🧰 Tools
🪛 Trivy (0.69.2)
[error] 20-28: Root file system is not read-only
Container 'chat-app-mongodb' of Deployment 'mongodb-deployment' should set 'securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem' to true
Rule: KSV-0014
(IaC/Kubernetes)
[error] 20-28: Default security context configured
container mongodb-deployment in chat-app namespace is using the default security context
Rule: KSV-0118
(IaC/Kubernetes)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml` around lines 25 - 28, Replace the hardcoded
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME and MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD env values with
references to a Kubernetes Secret: create a Secret containing keys (e.g.
mongo-root-username, mongo-root-password) and in the mongodb Deployment
container env use valueFrom.secretKeyRef for MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME and
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD (analogous to how JWT_SECRET is sourced in the
backend deployment) so credentials are not stored in plaintext in the manifest.
| volumes: | ||
| - name: mongo-data | ||
| persistentVolumeClaim: | ||
| claimName: mongo-pvc No newline at end of file | ||
| claimName: mongodb-pvc |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Critical: Volume defined but not mounted — MongoDB data will not persist.
The volumes section defines mongo-data referencing the PVC, but there are no volumeMounts in the container spec. Without mounting the volume, MongoDB writes data to the container's ephemeral filesystem, and all data is lost when the pod restarts.
🐛 Proposed fix to add volumeMounts
containers:
- name: chat-app-mongodb
image: mongo:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 27017
+ volumeMounts:
+ - name: mongo-data
+ mountPath: /data/db
env:
- name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME
value: mongoadmin
- name: MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: secret
volumes:
- name: mongo-data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: mongodb-pvc🧰 Tools
🪛 Checkov (3.2.334)
[medium] 1-32: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation
(CKV_K8S_20)
[medium] 1-32: Minimize the admission of root containers
(CKV_K8S_23)
🪛 Trivy (0.69.2)
[error] 18-32: Default security context configured
deployment mongodb-deployment in chat-app namespace is using the default security context, which allows root privileges
Rule: KSV-0118
(IaC/Kubernetes)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml` around lines 29 - 32, The manifest defines a
volume named "mongo-data" backed by the PVC "mongodb-pvc" but never mounts it
into the MongoDB container; update the container spec (containers[...] for the
MongoDB container) to add a volumeMount entry that references name: mongo-data
and sets mountPath: /data/db (the MongoDB data directory) so data persists
across restarts; ensure the container's securityContext/permissions allow
writing to that mount if present.
| metadata: | ||
| name: mongodb-pv | ||
| namespace: chat-app |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
PersistentVolume namespace field has no effect.
PersistentVolumes are cluster-scoped resources. The namespace field in metadata is ignored by Kubernetes and should be removed to avoid confusion.
🧹 Proposed fix
metadata:
name: mongodb-pv
- namespace: chat-app 📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| metadata: | |
| name: mongodb-pv | |
| namespace: chat-app | |
| metadata: | |
| name: mongodb-pv |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/mongodb-pv.yml` around lines 3 - 5, The PersistentVolume resource named
"mongodb-pv" incorrectly includes a metadata.namespace field which has no effect
for cluster-scoped resources; remove the namespace key from the metadata block
in the PersistentVolume manifest (the resource defining mongodb-pv) so the YAML
only contains metadata.name and other PV fields to avoid confusion.
| hostPath: | ||
| path: /data No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
hostPath storage risks data loss on pod rescheduling.
hostPath: /data is node-local storage. If the MongoDB pod is rescheduled to a different node (due to node failure, eviction, or scaling), the data will be inaccessible or lost. The context snippet confirms the deployment lacks nodeSelector or nodeAffinity.
Consider one of these approaches:
- Add
nodeAffinityto the PV and matchingnodeSelectorto the MongoDB deployment to pin them to the same node - Use a network-attached storage solution (NFS, cloud provider storage class) for multi-node clusters
- For single-node development clusters, this is acceptable with documented limitations
Additionally, /data is a generic path that may conflict with other applications.
🔧 Example fix with nodeAffinity on PV
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
capacity:
storage: 5Gi
hostPath:
- path: /data
+ path: /mnt/data/mongodb
+ nodeAffinity:
+ required:
+ nodeSelectorTerms:
+ - matchExpressions:
+ - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
+ operator: In
+ values:
+ - <your-node-name>Then add matching nodeSelector to k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml:
spec:
template:
spec:
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/hostname: <your-node-name>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/mongodb-pv.yml` around lines 11 - 12, The PV currently uses hostPath with
path: /data which is node-local and risks data loss; update the PersistentVolume
in k8s/mongodb-pv.yml to use one of two fixes: (A) convert to networked storage
by switching from hostPath to a proper network-backed volume (e.g., set
storageClassName and rely on a PVC) or (B) if you must keep node-local for
single-node dev, add a nodeAffinity block to the PersistentVolume (so it binds
to a specific node) and add a matching nodeSelector under the mongodb Deployment
template.spec (in k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml) to pin the pod to the same node;
also change the generic path from /data to a more specific directory (e.g.,
/var/lib/mongodb-data) to avoid collisions.
| apiVersion: v1 | ||
| kind: PersistentVolumeClaim | ||
| metadata: | ||
| name: mongo-pvc | ||
| name: mongodb-pvc | ||
| namespace: chat-app | ||
| spec: | ||
| accessModes: | ||
| - ReadWriteOnce | ||
| resources: | ||
| requests: | ||
| storage: 1Gi | ||
| storageClassName: standard No newline at end of file | ||
| storage: 5Gi No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
PVC may not bind to the intended PersistentVolume.
Without storageClassName or volumeName, this PVC relies on the default StorageClass for dynamic provisioning. The manually-defined mongodb-pv in k8s/mongodb-pv.yml won't automatically bind to this PVC unless you either:
- Set
volumeName: mongodb-pvin this PVC spec, or - Add matching labels/selectors between PV and PVC, or
- Set the same explicit
storageClassNameon both (including empty string""to disable dynamic provisioning)
🔧 Proposed fix to explicitly bind to mongodb-pv
spec:
+ volumeName: mongodb-pv
+ storageClassName: ""
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 5Gi📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| apiVersion: v1 | |
| kind: PersistentVolumeClaim | |
| metadata: | |
| name: mongo-pvc | |
| name: mongodb-pvc | |
| namespace: chat-app | |
| spec: | |
| accessModes: | |
| - ReadWriteOnce | |
| resources: | |
| requests: | |
| storage: 1Gi | |
| storageClassName: standard | |
| \ No newline at end of file | |
| storage: 5Gi | |
| apiVersion: v1 | |
| kind: PersistentVolumeClaim | |
| metadata: | |
| name: mongodb-pvc | |
| namespace: chat-app | |
| spec: | |
| volumeName: mongodb-pv | |
| storageClassName: "" | |
| accessModes: | |
| - ReadWriteOnce | |
| resources: | |
| requests: | |
| storage: 5Gi |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/mongodb-pvc.yml` around lines 1 - 11, The PVC named mongodb-pvc may not
bind to the manually-created PersistentVolume mongodb-pv; update the mongodb-pvc
spec to explicitly target the intended PV by adding either volumeName:
mongodb-pv, or a matching storageClassName that equals the PV's storageClassName
(or "" on both to disable dynamic provisioning), or add a selector with matching
labels between the PVC and the PV; modify the spec for PersistentVolumeClaim
(metadata name: mongodb-pvc) accordingly so the PV/PVC binding is deterministic.
| data: | ||
| jwt: ZXlKaGJHY2lPaUpJVXpJMU5pSjkuZXlKU2IyeGxJam9pUVdSdGFXNGlMQ0pKYzNOMVpYSWlPaUpKYzNOMVpYSWlMQ0pWYzJWeWJtRnRaU0k2SWtwaGRtRkpibFZ6WlNJc0ltVjRjQ0k2TVRjek5EUXpPREEyTml3aWFXRjBJam94TnpNME5ETTRNRFkyZlEuY0t6NXYzNm9yZ05HMlNIYTVKRHZwOU5ENXA2SUJKeTJKS1RtOGpQOUdkUQ== No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Critical: Hardcoded secret committed to version control.
The jwt value is a real JWT token that will be exposed in the repository history. This is a significant security risk flagged by static analysis (Gitleaks). Anyone with repository access can decode this secret.
Recommendations:
- Remove this secret from the manifest immediately - even after removal, it persists in git history
- Use a secrets management solution (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, or Kubernetes External Secrets Operator)
- Or use SealedSecrets to encrypt secrets before committing
- At minimum, use a placeholder and document that users must create the secret manually
🔐 Proposed fix using placeholder with documentation
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: chatapp-secrets
namespace: chat-app
type: Opaque
data:
- jwt: ZXlKaGJHY2lPaUpJVXpJMU5pSjkuZXlKU2IyeGxJam9pUVdSdGFXNGlMQ0pKYzNOMVpYSWlPaUpKYzNOMVpYSWlMQ0pWYzJWeWJtRnRaU0k2SWtwaGRtRkpibFZ6WlNJc0ltVjRjQ0k2TVRjek5EUXpPREEyTml3aWFXRjBJam94TnpNME5ETTRNRFkyZlEuY0t6NXYzNm9yZ05HMlNIYTVKRHZwOU5ENXA2SUJKeTJKS1RtOGpQOUdkUQ==
+ # Create your own secret: echo -n "your-secure-jwt-secret" | base64
+ jwt: PHJlcGxhY2Utd2l0aC15b3VyLXNlY3JldD4=Or create secret imperatively (recommended):
kubectl create secret generic chatapp-secrets \
--namespace chat-app \
--from-literal=jwt="$(openssl rand -base64 32)"🧰 Tools
🪛 Gitleaks (8.30.0)
[high] 8-8: Detected a Base64-encoded JSON Web Token, posing a risk of exposing encoded authentication and data exchange information.
(jwt-base64)
[high] 8-8: Uncovered a JSON Web Token, which may lead to unauthorized access to web applications and sensitive user data.
(jwt)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@k8s/secrets.yml` around lines 7 - 8, Remove the hardcoded JWT under the
data.jwt key in the manifest and replace it with a placeholder value (e.g.,
"<REPLACE_WITH_SECRET>"), add a comment/instructions that this secret must be
created out-of-band (kubectl create secret or via your secret manager /
SealedSecrets / external-secrets operator), and update any README or deployment
docs to show how to provision the jwt secret for the chat app; ensure the
committed YAML contains no real token values so only placeholders remain in the
repo history.
| ``` | ||
| k8s-chat-application | ||
| │ | ||
| ├── README.md | ||
| │ | ||
| ├── frontend | ||
| │ ├── Dockerfile | ||
| │ └── source-code | ||
| │ | ||
| ├── backend | ||
| │ ├── Dockerfile | ||
| │ └── source-code | ||
| │ | ||
| ├── kubernetes | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ ├── namespace | ||
| │ │ └── namespace.yaml | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ ├── frontend | ||
| │ │ ├── deployment.yaml | ||
| │ │ └── service.yaml | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ ├── backend | ||
| │ │ ├── deployment.yaml | ||
| │ │ └── service.yaml | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ ├── database | ||
| │ │ ├── mongodb-deployment.yaml | ||
| │ │ ├── mongodb-service.yaml | ||
| │ │ ├── persistent-volume.yaml | ||
| │ │ └── persistent-volume-claim.yaml | ||
| │ │ | ||
| │ └── ingress | ||
| │ └── ingress.yaml | ||
| ``` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Inconsistent directory paths: README references kubernetes/ but manifests are in k8s/.
The project structure and kubectl commands reference kubernetes/ subdirectories (e.g., kubernetes/namespace/, kubernetes/backend/), but the actual manifest files are located in k8s/ with a flat structure. This will cause confusion and command failures.
📝 Proposed fix — update paths to match actual structure
Either restructure the k8s/ directory to match the documented layout, or update the README to reflect the actual structure:
-kubectl apply -f kubernetes/namespace/
-kubectl apply -f kubernetes/database/
-kubectl apply -f kubernetes/backend/
-kubectl apply -f kubernetes/frontend/
-kubectl apply -f kubernetes/ingress/
+kubectl apply -f k8s/namespace.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/mongodb-pv.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/mongodb-pvc.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/mongodb-deployment.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/mongodb-service.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/secrets.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/backend-deployment.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/backend-service.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/frontend-deployment.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/frontend-service.yml
+kubectl apply -f k8s/ingress.ymlOr apply all at once:
kubectl apply -f k8s/Also applies to: 172-197
🧰 Tools
🪛 markdownlint-cli2 (0.21.0)
[warning] 76-76: Fenced code blocks should have a language specified
(MD040, fenced-code-language)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `@README.md` around lines 76 - 110, The README references a kubernetes/
directory layout (e.g., kubernetes/namespace/, kubernetes/backend/) but the
manifests actually live under k8s/ with a different structure, causing broken
kubectl commands; update README.md to use the real paths (replace kubernetes/
references with k8s/ and adjust subdirectory examples) or alternatively update
the repo structure to create a kubernetes/ directory matching the documented
tree; ensure the example kubectl commands match the chosen approach (for the
current flat k8s/ layout prefer a single example like kubectl apply -f k8s/) and
update all other occurrences (including the later section mentioned, lines
172-197) so paths are consistent.
1 participant
This pull request adds Kubernetes deployment configuration for the full stack chat application.
The goal of this contribution is to enable the application to run inside a Kubernetes cluster using containerized services and Kubernetes infrastructure components.
The application follows a 3-tier architecture consisting of a React frontend, a Node.js backend, and a MongoDB database. Kubernetes manifests have been added to allow each component to run as a managed workload inside the cluster.
Changes included in this pull request:
• Added Kubernetes manifests for deploying the application
• Created deployments and services for the React frontend
• Created deployments and services for the Node.js backend
• Added MongoDB deployment and service
• Configured Persistent Volume and Persistent Volume Claim to provide persistent storage for MongoDB
• Introduced a Kubernetes namespace for resource isolation
• Added Ingress configuration to expose the application through a single entry point
With these changes, the application can be deployed to a Kubernetes cluster using kubectl and managed using standard Kubernetes resources.
Example deployment:
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/
This will create the namespace, deployments, services, persistent storage configuration, and ingress resources required to run the application.
The goal of this contribution is to provide Kubernetes support for the project and make it easier to deploy and run the application in containerized and cloud-native environments.
Summary by CodeRabbit
Release Notes
Documentation
Chores