tests: make test_orbit energy/Jacobi conservation backend-tolerant (numpy.asarray)

[jobovy]

What

Burndown Phase-1 PR (2 of 2 test-only). Makes the energy/Jacobi conservation asserts in tests/test_orbit.py tolerant of a forced jax/torch backend.

Why

test_energy_jacobi_conservation and test_energy_conservation_linear compute numpy.std(tEs)/numpy.mean(tEs) with tEs = o.E(ttimes) (and tJacobis = o.Jacobi). Under forced torch, o.E()/o.Jacobi() return a torch tensor (galpy computes the correct values), and numpy.std(<tensor>) dispatches to torch's Tensor.std(ddof=,dtype=,out=,axis=) which rejects numpy's kwargs → TypeError. jax passed only because numpy ufuncs auto-materialise it. Test-harness issue, not a galpy bug.

Change (test-only)

Wrap every o.E(...)/o.Jacobi(...) output that feeds a numpy host op — the std/mean feeders and the deeper firstTest (a-b)**2 arithmetic asserts — in numpy.asarray(...) (the #952 convention). 73 wraps; Orbits.py and the ledger are not touched.

Byte-identity

numpy.asarray(<numpy array>) is an identity no-op → numpy path byte-identical. Verified: both functions give 192 passed / 0 skipped, identical on parent (feat/backends) and branch (AST of the two functions is identical after stripping the wraps). Adversarially reviewed.

Validation (CPU, CI-parity)

• numpy: 192/192 both functions, unchanged from parent.
• torch: pure-harness failures now pass — ~27/40 energy_jacobi + ~23/30 energy_linear ledger nodeids flip to pass (verified the assertions pass numerically, not just dodge the TypeError).

Scope note

Nodeids that fail earlier — in galpy setup (tp.normalize scalar coercion under forced torch), in Orbit.L() (the numpy.ndarray * Tensor cross-product), or in the leapfrog integrator — are not fixed here and stay correctly ledgered; they're handled by the central-coercion / Orbits.L() / integrator source PRs. This PR only clears the numpy.std(tensor) harness failures.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.93%. Comparing base (44f92c7) to head (2ec9935).

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##           feat/backends     #982   +/-   ##
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  Coverage          99.93%   99.93%           
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  Files                253      253           
  Lines              39803    39803           
  Branches             840      844    +4     
==============================================
  Hits               39778    39778           
  Misses                25       25           

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[github-actions]

All-backend test status (jax / torch)

Commit 6f73b7b6ede058a1c014b369663b3cad39f4368a

Green is achieved via the checked-in xfail-ledger (tests/backend_xfail.txt, applied xfail(strict=False)), so the metric to watch is the shrinking xfail count (burndown), not a raw pass count. A FAIL/ERR is an un-ledgered regression (reds the run). Because the ledger is non-strict, a now-passing ledgered test is a plain pass here (no per-push XPASS); burndown candidates -- in both directions -- are surfaced by the scheduled regen run, which rewrites the ledger from real outcomes. deferred is a separate burndown: tests skipped because they are unrunnable under the backend until the port is vectorized (see tests/backend_slow_skip.txt), e.g. the jax spherical-DF sampling/quadrature tests pending the Track F DF migration.

Overall: jax: 1051 passed · 271 xfail · 725 deferred | torch: 764 passed · 1279 xfail · 1 deferred

Ledger size: 2357 entries (jax=284, torch=2073).

Test shard	jax	torch
actionAngle	✅ 112 pass · 89 xfail	✅ 26 pass · 175 xfail
sphericaldf	✅ 164 pass · 26 xfail · 28 deferred	✅ 8 pass · 210 xfail
conversion + util + misc	✅ 86 pass · 5 xfail · 1 deferred	✅ 41 pass · 51 xfail
potential + scf + multipole	— (no result)	— (no result)
quantity + coords	✅ 281 pass · 55 xfail	✅ 189 pass · 147 xfail
orbit (energy/Jacobi + from_name)	✅ 0 pass · 0 xfail · 115 deferred	✅ 53 pass · 62 xfail
orbit + orbits (main)	✅ 0 pass · 0 xfail · 578 deferred	✅ 189 pass · 386 xfail
evolveddiskdf	✅ 35 pass · 0 xfail	✅ 32 pass · 3 xfail
jeans + dynamfric	✅ 17 pass · 2 xfail · 2 deferred	✅ 7 pass · 13 xfail · 1 deferred
qdf + pv2qdf + streamgapdf_impulse + noninertial	✅ 57 pass · 75 xfail · 1 deferred	✅ 14 pass · 119 xfail
streamgapdf	✅ 28 pass · 2 xfail	✅ 27 pass · 3 xfail
diskdf	✅ 129 pass · 0 xfail	✅ 112 pass · 17 xfail
streamdf + streamspraydf + streamTrack	✅ 142 pass · 17 xfail	✅ 66 pass · 93 xfail

Per-shard counts

Test shard	backend	pass	xfail	deferred	XPASS	fail	error
actionAngle	jax	112	89	0	0	0	0
actionAngle	torch	26	175	0	0	0	0
sphericaldf	jax	164	26	28	0	0	0
sphericaldf	torch	8	210	0	0	0	0
conversion + util + misc	jax	86	5	1	0	0	0
conversion + util + misc	torch	41	51	0	0	0	0
potential + scf + multipole	jax	—	—	—	—	—	—
potential + scf + multipole	torch	—	—	—	—	—	—
quantity + coords	jax	281	55	0	0	0	0
quantity + coords	torch	189	147	0	0	0	0
orbit (energy/Jacobi + from_name)	jax	0	0	115	0	0	0
orbit (energy/Jacobi + from_name)	torch	53	62	0	0	0	0
orbit + orbits (main)	jax	0	0	578	0	0	0
orbit + orbits (main)	torch	189	386	0	0	0	0
evolveddiskdf	jax	35	0	0	0	0	0
evolveddiskdf	torch	32	3	0	0	0	0
jeans + dynamfric	jax	17	2	2	0	0	0
jeans + dynamfric	torch	7	13	1	0	0	0
qdf + pv2qdf + streamgapdf_impulse + noninertial	jax	57	75	1	0	0	0
qdf + pv2qdf + streamgapdf_impulse + noninertial	torch	14	119	0	0	0	0
streamgapdf	jax	28	2	0	0	0	0
streamgapdf	torch	27	3	0	0	0	0
diskdf	jax	129	0	0	0	0	0
diskdf	torch	112	17	0	0	0	0
streamdf + streamspraydf + streamTrack	jax	142	17	0	0	0	0
streamdf + streamspraydf + streamTrack	torch	66	93	0	0	0	0