Gender discrepancies at the Inquisitorial trial in Giaveno, Italy, 1335

This repository contains the data and code to replicate the results of the article:

• Salihović, D., & Estévez, J. L. (2025) 'Gender Bias in Medieval Inquisitions and Its Place in Shaping the Knowledge About the Heterodox'. Social Science History. https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2025.10099

Purpose of the repository

This repository aims to provide transparency and reproducibility for the research conducted on the Inquisitorial trial in Giaveno, Italy, in 1335. It includes all data and code used in the analysis presented in the article. For an overview of the data, see here.

Software requirements

The R code in this repository reproduces the descriptive analysis, network simulation, and Cox regression models from the article. The analysis was conducted using R version 4.5.0 in RStudio 2024.12.1+563. The following R packages (with their respective versions) were used:

• data.table (1.17.0)
• tidyr (1.3.1)
• dplyr (1.1.4)
• scales (1.4.0)
• ggplot2 (3.5.2)
• ggpubr (0.6.0)
• ggstatsplot (0.13.0)
• igraph (2.1.4)
• netseg (1.0-3)
• MatchIt (4.7.1)
• cobalt (4.6.0)
• pracma (2.4.4)
• WRS2 (1.1-6)
• survey (4.4-2)
• survival (3.8-3)
• broom (1.0.8)
• bshazard (1.2)
• modelsummary (2.3.0)
• coxme (2.2-22)
• splines (4.5.0)
• performance (0.13.0)
• sjPlot (2.8.17)
• rstanarm (2.36.0.9000)
• brms (2.22.0)
• bayesplot (1.12.0)
• parallel (4.4.1)
• posterior (1.6.1)

The accelerated-failure time (AFT) models were estimated in StataNow 19:

• Stata

File list

The repository includes four R scripts, one Stata script, and a data folder:

• 0_Castellario_gender_theme.R
• 1_Castellario_network_analyses.R
• 2_Castellario_person_day_data_observation.R
• 3_Castellario_Cox_models.R
• 4_Castellario_AFT_models.do
• data

Instructions for use

• Ensure you have the required version of R and RStudio installed.

• Install the necessary packages using the specified versions.

• Load the data from the data/data.RData file.

• Run the R scripts in the order listed to replicate the analysis and results.

• Optionally, ensure you have StataNow version 18, 18.5 or 19 installed.

• Load the data3.csv from the project directory.

• Run the provided Stata .do file to estimate the accelerated failure-time (AFT) models.

Source

The data was collected from Merlo, Grado G. 1977. Eretici e inquisitori nella società piemontese del Trecento: con l’edizione dei processi tenuti a Giaveno dall’inquisitore Alberto De Castellario (1335) e nelle Valli di Lanzo dall’inquisitore Tommaso Di Casasco (1373). Turin: Claudiana Editrice. The original Latin manuscript is held at the Archives of the Order of Preachers in Rome (Archivio generale dell’Ordine dei Predicatori, Rome, MS II.64, ff. 1r-111v).

Funding

This research received support from the European Research Council (ERC), under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 101000442, project “Networks of Dissent: Computational Modelling of Dissident and Inquisitorial Cultures in Medieval Europe”). José Luis Estévez was also supported by the Research Council of Finland (AKA) (grant numbers 360022 and 364382).

Citation

• Salihović, D., & Estévez, J. L. (2025) 'Gender Bias in Medieval Inquisitions and Its Place in Shaping the Knowledge About the Heterodox'. Social Science History. https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2025.10099

Contact information

For any questions, please contact:

• Davor Salihović ([email protected])
• José Luis Estévez ([email protected])