docs: document annotation keys

[Anilrao96]

Fixes #3261

Summary

Adds Go documentation comments for Karpenter's well-known annotation keys, enabling providers to generate a consistent reference page.

Testing

Not applicable — this pull request changes comments only and does not alter runtime behavior.

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: Anilrao96 / name: ram (4328ced)

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