feat: add HTTP QUERY method support

[bizprat]

Summary

• add HttpMethod.QUERY and first-class @query route decorator exports
• add RequestFactory.query() support for tests and request construction
• treat QUERY as a CSRF safe method by default
• keep @query excluded from OpenAPI 3.1 schema output by default, leaving OpenAPI 3.2 path item support as a separate follow-up
• keep OpenAPI TypeScript conversion limited to OpenAPI 3.1 path-item methods so framework-only methods do not break schema tooling

Closes #4626.

Verification

• uv run --python 3.13 pytest tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py
• uv run --python 3.13 pytest tests/e2e/test_query_method.py tests/e2e/test_router_registration.py tests/e2e/test_option_requests.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py
• uv run --python 3.13 ruff format --check litestar tests/e2e/test_query_method.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py
• uv run --python 3.13 ruff check litestar tests/e2e/test_query_method.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py
• uv run --python 3.13 pyright litestar/enums.py litestar/types/asgi_types.py litestar/handlers/http_handlers/decorators.py litestar/testing/request_factory.py litestar/_openapi/typescript_converter/converter.py tests/e2e/test_query_method.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py
• uv run --python 3.13 mypy litestar/enums.py litestar/types/asgi_types.py litestar/handlers/http_handlers/decorators.py litestar/testing/request_factory.py litestar/_openapi/typescript_converter/converter.py tests/e2e/test_query_method.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py
• uv run --python 3.13 pre-commit run --files litestar/__init__.py litestar/config/csrf.py litestar/enums.py litestar/handlers/__init__.py litestar/handlers/http_handlers/__init__.py litestar/handlers/http_handlers/decorators.py litestar/testing/request_factory.py litestar/types/asgi_types.py litestar/_openapi/typescript_converter/converter.py tests/unit/test_data_extractors.py tests/unit/test_middleware/test_csrf_middleware.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_path_item.py tests/unit/test_openapi/test_typescript_converter/test_converter.py tests/unit/test_cli/test_schema_commands.py tests/e2e/test_query_method.py

---

📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://litestar-org.github.io/litestar-docs-preview/4902

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 67.29%. Comparing base (149a4ae) to head (28e214d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
litestar/handlers/http_handlers/decorators.py	60.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
litestar/enums.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
litestar/handlers/__init__.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
litestar/handlers/http_handlers/__init__.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
litestar/types/asgi_types.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4902   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   67.28%   67.29%           
=======================================
  Files         293      293           
  Lines       15226    15234    +8     
  Branches     1727     1727           
=======================================
+ Hits        10245    10251    +6     
- Misses       4834     4836    +2     
  Partials      147      147           

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