Improve malloc and realloc handling

[marcoroth]

This pull request includes several improvements and refactorings to enhance memory safety, buffer handling, and code organization. The most important changes involve refactoring the buffer and array modules to use safer memory allocation functions, adding error handling, and introducing new utility functions.

This is a follow up to #26 to address the valid bugprone-suspicious-realloc-usage it caught.

Memory Safety Enhancements:

• Introduced safe_malloc, safe_realloc, nullable_safe_malloc, and nullable_safe_realloc functions to handle memory allocation safely and provide better error handling. (src/include/memory.h, src/memory.c).

Buffer Handling Improvements:

• src/buffer.c: Refactored the buffer_append, buffer_prepend, and buffer_concat functions to use a safer reallocation function and added error handling for memory allocation failures. Added new functions buffer_increase_capacity, buffer_append_char, buffer_reserve, and buffer_clear.
• src/array.c: Refactored the array_append and array_free functions to use a safer reallocation function and added error handling for memory allocation failures.
• Updated lexer and other components to use the new buffer structure for handling strings and text content. (src/lexer.c, src/include/lexer.h).

Error Handling Improvements:

• Improved error handling in various functions by checking for null pointers and adding appropriate error messages. (src/array.c, src/buffer.c, src/io.c.

Miscellaneous:

• Enabled the bugprone-suspicious-realloc-usage check in .clang-tidy to catch potential issues with realloc usage (.clang-tidy)

Test suite enhancements:

• test/main.c: Updated the test suite to include new test cases for the array, buffer, and io modules.

[Copilot]

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 23 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Files not reviewed (19)

• src/array.c: Language not supported
• src/buffer.c: Language not supported
• src/erbx.c: Language not supported
• src/include/array.h: Language not supported
• src/include/buffer.h: Language not supported
• src/include/erbx.h: Language not supported
• src/include/macros.h: Language not supported
• src/include/memory.h: Language not supported
• src/include/token.h: Language not supported
• src/include/util.h: Language not supported
• src/io.c: Language not supported
• src/lexer.c: Language not supported
• src/location.c: Language not supported
• src/main.c: Language not supported
• src/memory.c: Language not supported
• src/token.c: Language not supported
• src/util.c: Language not supported
• test/main.c: Language not supported
• test/test_array.c: Language not supported