[web] enable native EH for JSEP/Asyncify build

.github/workflows/linux-wasm-ci-build-and-test-workflow.yml

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
             --use_jsep \
             --use_webnn \
             --target onnxruntime_webassembly \
-            ${{ inputs.build_config == 'Release' && '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching' || '' }} \
+            --enable_wasm_eh \
             --skip_tests
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
             --use_webgpu \
             --use_webnn \
             --target onnxruntime_webassembly \
-            ${{ inputs.build_config == 'Release' && '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching' || '' }} \
+            --enable_wasm_eh \
             --skip_tests
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ jobs:
             --use_webgpu \
             --use_webnn \
             --enable_wasm_jspi \
+            --enable_wasm_eh \
             --target onnxruntime_webassembly \
             --skip_tests
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}

cmake/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_THREADS "Enable this option to create WebA
 option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_CATCHING "Enable this option to turn on exception catching" OFF)
 option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_API_EXCEPTION_CATCHING "Enable this option to turn on api exception catching" OFF)
 option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_THROWING "Enable this option to turn on exception throwing even if the build disabled exceptions support" OFF)
+option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_NATIVE_EH "Enable native WebAssembly exception handling (-fwasm-exceptions) instead of legacy JavaScript-based exception support" OFF)
 option(onnxruntime_WEBASSEMBLY_RUN_TESTS_IN_BROWSER "Enable this option to run tests in browser instead of Node.js" OFF)
 option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_DEBUG_INFO "Enable this option to turn on DWARF format debug info" OFF)
 option(onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_PROFILING "Enable this option to turn on WebAssembly profiling and preserve function names" OFF)

cmake/adjust_global_compile_flags.cmake

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Emscripten")
   endif()
 
   # Enable WebAssembly exception catching.
-  if (onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_JSPI)
-    string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS " -fwasm-exceptions -s WASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0")
-    string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fwasm-exceptions -s WASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0")
+  if (onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_NATIVE_EH)
+    string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS " -fwasm-exceptions")
+    string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fwasm-exceptions")
   elseif (onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_CATCHING)
     string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS " -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0")
     string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0")

cmake/onnxruntime_webassembly.cmake

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ else()
     endif()
   endif()
 
-  if (NOT onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_JSPI)
+  if (NOT onnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_NATIVE_EH)
     # Set link flag to enable exceptions support, this will override default disabling exception throwing behavior when disable exceptions.
     target_link_options(onnxruntime_webassembly PRIVATE
       "SHELL:-s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_THROWING=0"

js/build_jsep.bat

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ if ["%~1"]==["d"] (
 )
 if ["%~1"]==["r"] (
     set CONFIG=Release
-    set CONFIG_EXTRA_FLAG=--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching --disable_rtti --enable_wasm_profiling
+    set CONFIG_EXTRA_FLAG=--disable_rtti --enable_wasm_profiling
     goto :arg2
 )
 echo Invalid configuration "%~1", must be "d"(Debug) or "r"(Release)
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ popd
 
 set PATH=C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;%PATH%
 
-call %ROOT%build.bat --config %CONFIG% %CONFIG_EXTRA_FLAG% --skip_submodule_sync --build_wasm --skip_tests^
+call %ROOT%build.bat --config %CONFIG% %CONFIG_EXTRA_FLAG% --skip_submodule_sync --build_wasm --skip_tests --enable_wasm_eh^
  --enable_wasm_simd --enable_wasm_threads --use_jsep --use_webnn --target onnxruntime_webassembly --build_dir %BUILD_DIR%
 
 IF NOT "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" (

tools/ci_build/build.py

@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ def generate_build_tree(
         + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching else "OFF"),
         "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_THROWING="
         + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override else "OFF"),
+        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_NATIVE_EH=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_eh else "OFF"),
         "-Donnxruntime_WEBASSEMBLY_RUN_TESTS_IN_BROWSER=" + ("ON" if args.wasm_run_tests_in_browser else "OFF"),
         "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_JSPI=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_jspi else "OFF"),
         "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_THREADS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_threads else "OFF"),
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ def generate_build_tree(
                 build_dir,
                 configs,
                 emscripten_root_path,
-                args.enable_wasm_jspi,
+                args.enable_wasm_eh,
                 not args.disable_rtti,
                 not args.disable_wasm_exception_catching,
                 args.minimal_build is not None,

tools/ci_build/build_args.py

@@ -390,6 +390,11 @@ def add_webassembly_args(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
         action="store_true",
         help="Override default behavior to allow throwing exceptions even when catching is generally disabled.",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--enable_wasm_eh",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Use native WebAssembly exception handling (-fwasm-exceptions) instead of legacy JavaScript-based exception support.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument("--wasm_run_tests_in_browser", action="store_true", help="Run WASM tests in a browser.")
     parser.add_argument(
         "--enable_wasm_profiling", action="store_true", help="Enable WASM profiling and preserve function names."
@@ -935,7 +940,30 @@ def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line: str) -> list[str]:  # Use list[str]
     if args.android_ndk_path:
         args.android_ndk_path = os.path.normpath(args.android_ndk_path)
 
+    if args.enable_wasm_jspi and not args.enable_wasm_eh:
+        raise Exception(
+            "'--enable_wasm_jspi' requires '--enable_wasm_eh' to be specified. "
+            "Currently we only support JSPI builds with native exception handling enabled."
+        )
+
     # Handle WASM exception logic
+    if args.enable_wasm_eh:
+        # Native Wasm EH is incompatible with legacy exception flags
+        if args.disable_wasm_exception_catching:
+            raise Exception(
+                "'--enable_wasm_eh' cannot be used with '--disable_wasm_exception_catching'. "
+                "Native Wasm EH replaces the legacy exception catching mechanism."
+            )
+        if args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching:
+            raise Exception(
+                "'--enable_wasm_eh' cannot be used with '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching'. "
+                "Native Wasm EH replaces the legacy API-level exception catching."
+            )
+        if args.enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override:
+            raise Exception(
+                "'--enable_wasm_eh' cannot be used with '--enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override'. "
+                "Native Wasm EH handles exception throwing natively."
+            )
     if args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching:
         args.disable_wasm_exception_catching = True  # Catching at API level implies disabling broader catching
     if not args.disable_wasm_exception_catching or args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching:

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/templates/linux-wasm-ci.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
     buildArch: x64
     CommonBuildArgs: '--parallel --config ${{ parameters.BuildConfig }} --skip_submodule_sync --build_wasm --enable_wasm_simd --enable_wasm_threads ${{ parameters.ExtraBuildArgs }}'
     ${{ if eq(parameters.BuildConfig, 'Release') }}:
-      # Add '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching' only for non-JSPI Release build
+      # Add '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching' only for basic Release build
       ExceptionHandlingBuildArgs: '--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching'
     ${{ else }}:
       ExceptionHandlingBuildArgs: ''
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
         ${{ else }}:
           AdditionalKey: wasm_inferencing_jsep | ${{ parameters.BuildConfig }}
         CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)/wasm_inferencing_jsep
-        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_jsep --use_jsep --use_webnn --target onnxruntime_webassembly $(ExceptionHandlingBuildArgs) --skip_tests'
+        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_jsep --use_jsep --use_webnn --target onnxruntime_webassembly --enable_wasm_eh --skip_tests'
         DisplayName: 'Build (simd + threads + JSEP)'
         WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
         ${{ else }}:
           AdditionalKey: wasm_inferencing_webgpu | ${{ parameters.BuildConfig }}
         CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu
-        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu --use_webgpu --use_webnn --target onnxruntime_webassembly $(ExceptionHandlingBuildArgs) --skip_tests'
+        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu --use_webgpu --use_webnn --target onnxruntime_webassembly --enable_wasm_eh --skip_tests'
         DisplayName: 'Build (simd + threads + WebGPU experimental)'
         WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
         ${{ else }}:
           AdditionalKey: wasm_inferencing_webgpu_jspi | ${{ parameters.BuildConfig }}
         CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu_jspi
-        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu_jspi --use_webgpu --use_webnn --enable_wasm_jspi --target onnxruntime_webassembly --skip_tests'
+        Arguments: '$(CommonBuildArgs) --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/wasm_inferencing_webgpu_jspi --use_webgpu --use_webnn --enable_wasm_jspi --enable_wasm_eh --target onnxruntime_webassembly --skip_tests'
         DisplayName: 'Build (simd + threads + WebGPU experimental, JSPI)'
         WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
 

tools/python/util/vcpkg_helpers.py

@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ def generate_vcpkg_triplets_for_emscripten(
     configs: set[str],
     emscripten_root: str,
     # Parameters defining the specific build configuration
-    enable_jspi: bool,
+    enable_wasm_eh: bool,  # Controls native Wasm EH (-fwasm-exceptions)
     enable_rtti: bool,
     enable_wasm_exception_catching: bool,  # Controls -sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=...
     enable_minimal_onnx_build: bool,  # Controls ONNX port setting AND C++ exceptions (-fno-exceptions)
@@ -493,21 +493,21 @@ def generate_vcpkg_triplets_for_emscripten(
     - If enable_minimal_onnx_build=False, C++ exceptions are assumed enabled (-fexceptions).
 
     This supports 4 main effective EH scenarios depending on the combination of
-    'enable_minimal_onnx_build', 'enable_jspi' and 'enable_wasm_exception_catching':
+    'enable_minimal_onnx_build', 'enable_wasm_eh' and 'enable_wasm_exception_catching':
     1. No EH (-fno-exceptions, -sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=1):
        Set enable_minimal_onnx_build=True, enable_wasm_exception_catching=False
     2. Full EH (-fexceptions, -sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0):
        Set enable_minimal_onnx_build=False, enable_wasm_exception_catching=True
     3. Throw Only EH (-fexceptions, -sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=1):
        Set enable_minimal_onnx_build=False, enable_wasm_exception_catching=False
-    4. Use the new Wasm EH (-fwasm-exceptions -sWASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0):
-       Set enable_minimal_onnx_build=False, enable_jspi=True
+    4. The new Wasm native EH (-fwasm-exceptions -sWASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0):
+       Set enable_minimal_onnx_build=False, enable_wasm_eh=True
 
     Args:
         build_dir (str): The directory to save the generated triplet files.
         emscripten_root (str): The root path of Emscripten.
-        enable_jspi (bool): Flag indicating if JSPI is enabled. If JSPI is enabled, the new
-                          Wasm EH will be used and enable_wasm_exception_catching is ignored.
+        enable_wasm_eh (bool): Flag indicating if native Wasm EH should be used.
+                          If True, uses -fwasm-exceptions -sWASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0.
         enable_rtti (bool): Flag indicating if RTTI is enabled for dependencies.
         enable_wasm_exception_catching (bool): Flag indicating if the Emscripten runtime
                                              exception catching mechanism should be enabled
@@ -525,11 +525,12 @@ def generate_vcpkg_triplets_for_emscripten(
     # Derive C++ exception enablement from the minimal build flag
     cpp_exceptions_enabled = not enable_minimal_onnx_build
 
-    # When JSPI is enabled, use the new Wasm EH
-    if enable_jspi:
+    # When native Wasm EH is enabled, ensure minimal build is not used
+    if enable_wasm_eh:
         if enable_minimal_onnx_build:
-            # TODO: support minimal build with JSPI if needed
-            raise ValueError("Currently minimal build cannot be used with JSPI.")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Using minimal build means C++ exceptions are disabled, which is incompatible with enabling native Wasm EH."
+            )
 
     for target_abi in ["wasm32", "wasm64"]:
         os_name = "emscripten"
@@ -574,8 +575,8 @@ def generate_vcpkg_triplets_for_emscripten(
 
                 # Wasm Exception Catching Runtime (-s flag, apply to Base and Linker flags)
                 exception_catching_flag = ""
-                if enable_jspi:
-                    exception_catching_flag = "-fwasm-exceptions -sWASM_LEGACY_EXCEPTIONS=0"
+                if enable_wasm_eh:
+                    exception_catching_flag = "-fwasm-exceptions"
                 elif enable_wasm_exception_catching:
                     exception_catching_flag = "-sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0"
                 else: